Pathogen recognition by the innate immune system.

Abstract

Microbial infection initiates complex interactions between the pathogen and the host. Pathogens express several signature molecules, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are essential for survival and pathogenicity. PAMPs are sensed by evolutionarily conserved, germline-encoded host sensors known as pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). Recognition of PAMPs by PRRs rapidly triggers an array of anti-microbial immune responses through the induction of various inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and type I interferons. These responses also initiate the development of pathogen-specific, long-lasting adaptive immunity through B and T lymphocytes. Several families of PRRs, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and DNA receptors (cytosolic sensors for DNA), are known to play a crucial role in host defense. In this review, we comprehensively review the recent progress in the field of PAMP recognition by PRRs and the signaling pathways activated by PRRs.

• Authors: Himanshu Kumar, Taro Kawai, Shizuo Akira
• Journal: International reviews of immunology (Int Rev Immunol) Vol. 30 Issue 1 Pg. 16-34 (Feb 2011) ISSN: 1563-5244 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 21235323 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)

Chemical References

• Antigens
• Cytokines
• DNA receptor
• Inflammasomes
• Interferon Type I
• Receptors, Cell Surface
• Toll-Like Receptors

Topics

• Adaptive Immunity
• Animals
• Antigens (immunology, metabolism)
• Apicomplexa
• B-Lymphocytes (immunology)
• Bacteria
• Cytokines (immunology)
• Fungi
• Host-Pathogen Interactions (immunology)
• Humans
• Immunity, Innate
• Infections (immunology)
• Inflammasomes (immunology, metabolism)
• Interferon Type I (immunology)
• Mice
• Receptors, Cell Surface (immunology, metabolism)
• Signal Transduction (immunology)
• T-Lymphocytes (immunology)
• Toll-Like Receptors (immunology, metabolism)