Abstract | PURPOSE: METHODS: Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin in Tnfa knockout (KO) mice, to provide a chemical model of diabetes, and Tnfa (KO) mice were crossed with Ins2(Akita) mice to generate a genetic model, with both models being devoid of TNFα. The BRB was assessed at 1, 1.5, 3, and 6 months. Leukostasis was assessed using FITC-conjugated ConA to label leukocytes. Apoptosis was assessed with TUNEL and activated caspase-3 staining. PECAM1 identified endothelial cells, and SMA identified pericytes. RESULTS: At 1 month of diabetes, the absence of TNFα had no effect on DR-associated BRB breakdown, even though it prevented retinal leukostasis, demonstrating that neither TNFα nor inflammation is essential for early BRB breakdown in DR in either model of diabetes. At 3 months of diabetes, BRB breakdown was significantly suppressed and at 6 months, it was completely prevented in the absence of TNFα in both models, showing that TNFα is essential for progressive BRB breakdown. DR-mediated apoptosis in the retina, which appears to involve endothelial cells, pericytes, and neurons, was inhibited in the absence of TNFα in both models. CONCLUSIONS: Although neither TNFα nor inflammation is necessary for early BRB breakdown in DR, TNFα is critical for later complications and would be a good therapeutic target for the prevention of the progressive BRB breakdown, retinal leukostasis, and apoptosis associated with DR.
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Authors | Hu Huang, Jarel K Gandhi, Xiufeng Zhong, Yanhong Wei, Junsong Gong, Elia J Duh, Stanley A Vinores |
Journal | Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
(Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci)
Vol. 52
Issue 3
Pg. 1336-44
(Mar 2011)
ISSN: 1552-5783 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 21212173
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Actins
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
- Casp3 protein, mouse
- Caspase 3
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Topics |
- Actins
(metabolism)
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blood-Retinal Barrier
(metabolism)
- Capillary Permeability
(physiology)
- Caspase 3
(metabolism)
- Cell Survival
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
(metabolism, pathology)
- Diabetic Retinopathy
(metabolism, pathology)
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Gene Silencing
(physiology)
- Genotype
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Leukostasis
(prevention & control)
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
(metabolism)
- Retinal Neurons
(pathology)
- Retinal Vessels
(pathology)
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
(physiology)
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