Paullinia cupana Mart. var. Sorbilis, commonly known as Guaraná, is a Brazilian plant frequently cited for its
antioxidant properties and different pharmacological activities on the central nervous system. The potential beneficial uses of Guaraná in
neurodegenerative disorders, such as in
Parkinson's disease (PD), the pathogenesis of which is associated with
mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, has not yet been assessed. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to evaluate if an extract of commercial powdered seeds of Guaraná could protect human dopaminergic
neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line against
rotenone-induced cytotoxicity. Two concentration of Guaraná
dimethylsulfoxide extract (0.312 and 0.625 mg/mL) were added to SH-SY5Y cells treated with 300 nM
rotenone for 48 h, and the cytoprotective effects were assessed by means of
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, measuring
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and analyzing nuclear integrity with Hoechst33258
stain. Results showed that the addition of Guaraná extract significantly increased the cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells treated with
rotenone, in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, LDH levels were significantly reduced by addition of 0.312 mg/mL of Guaraná, but unexpectedly, no changes were observed with the higher concentration. Moreover,
chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation were significantly reduced by addition of any of both concentrations of the extract. The results obtained in this work could provide relevant information about the mechanisms underlying the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD and precede in vivo experiments. Further studies are needed to investigate which active constituent is responsible for the cytoprotective effect produced by Paullinia cupana.