Systemic vasculitis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection with and without detectable mixed cryoglobulinemia.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

to describe hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related systemic vasculitis in patients without detectable mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) and to compare them to typical cases of HCV-MC vasculitis.

METHODS:

twelve HCV RNA+ patients with histologically proven vasculitis in the absence of detectable MC (cases) were retrospectively compared with 48 HCV RNA+ patients with MC vasculitis (controls). Each case was matched with 4 controls for age and sex.

RESULTS:

the main epidemiological and virologic features were similar between cases and controls. No clinical difference was found, except for lower rates of arthralgias (33% vs 71%; p = 0.02) and purpura (50% vs 83%; p = 0.03) in cases. Cases showed higher mean serum C3 (1.17 ± 0.21 vs 0.93 ± 0.23 g/l; p = 0.01) and median C4 levels (0.25 vs 0.04 g/l; p < 0.001), lower median serum IgM levels (0.6 vs 1.9 g/l; p < 0.001), and lower rates of rheumatoid factor positivity (8% vs 82%; p < 0.001) than controls. The main histologic features were similar between cases and controls. Immunofluorescence analysis of skin biopsy from 1 case revealed perivascular deposits of C3 and IgA. After treatment, overall clinical response of vasculitis (75% vs 83%) and sustained virological response (40% vs 64%; p = 0.3) were similar between cases and controls, except for higher complete clinical response (42% vs 73%; p = 0.05) in controls.

CONCLUSION:

HCV-related systemic vasculitis may occur in the absence of detectable MC. Our findings suggest that such vasculitis probably results from immune complex-mediated mechanisms, and that the therapeutic management of such vasculitis should be similar to that of HCV-MC vasculitis.

• Authors: Benjamin Terrier, Damien Sène, Agnès Dechartres, David Saadoun, Nicolas Ortonne, Philippe Rouvier, Lucile Musset, Matthieu Resche Rigon, Thierry Maisonobe, Patrice Cacoub
• Journal: The Journal of rheumatology (J Rheumatol) Vol. 38 Issue 1 Pg. 104-10 (Jan 2011) ISSN: 0315-162X [Print] Canada
• PMID: 20952479 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Anti-Inflammatory Agents
• Antiviral Agents

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents (therapeutic use)
• Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)
• Cryoglobulinemia (immunology, virology)
• Female
• Hepacivirus
• Hepatitis C (immunology, pathology)
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Peroneal Nerve (pathology)
• Retrospective Studies
• Systemic Vasculitis (drug therapy, immunology, pathology, virology)