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Long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor laninamivir octanoate versus oseltamivir for treatment of influenza: A double-blind, randomized, noninferiority clinical trial.

AbstractBACKGROUND:
A single administration of laninamivir octanoate, a long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor, against influenza infection has been proven effective in nonclinical studies. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of laninamivir octanoate for the treatment of adult influenza patients.
METHODS:
A double-blind, randomized controlled trial examined whether laninamivir octanoate was noninferior to oseltamivir. A total of 1003 patients aged ≥ 20 years with febrile influenza symptoms for no more than 36 h were randomized to receive either 40 mg of laninamivir octanoate, 20 mg of laninamivir octanoate, or oseltamivir. Laninamivir octanoate was inhaled once on day 1, and oseltamivir (75 mg) was administered orally twice daily for 5 days. The primary end point was the time to illness alleviation.
RESULTS:
A total of 996 patients were included in the primary analysis (40-mg laninamivir octanoate, n = 334; 20-mg laninamivir octanoate, n = 326; and oseltamivir, n = 336). The median time to illness alleviation in the 40-mg laninamivir octanoate, 20-mg laninamivir octanoate, and oseltamivir groups was 73.0, 85.8, and 73.6 h, respectively. The difference between laninamivir octanoate and oseltamivir was -0.6 h (95% confidence interval, -9.9 to 6.9 h) for the 40-mg group and 12.2 h (95% confidence interval, -1.5 to 17.2 h) for the 20-mg group. The upper limits of the 95% confidence intervals were less than the prespecified noninferiority margin (18 h). The proportion of patients shedding virus at day 3 was significantly lower in the 40-mg laninamivir octanoate group than in the oseltamivir group (P = .006).
CONCLUSIONS:
A single inhalation of laninamivir octanoate is effective for the treatment of seasonal influenza, including that caused by oseltamivir-resistant virus, in adults.
CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION:
NCT00803595.
AuthorsAkira Watanabe, Shan-Chwen Chang, Min Ja Kim, Daniel Wai-Sing Chu, Yasuo Ohashi, MARVEL Study Group
JournalClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (Clin Infect Dis) Vol. 51 Issue 10 Pg. 1167-75 (Nov 15 2010) ISSN: 1537-6591 [Electronic] United States
PMID20936975 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Antiviral Agents
  • Guanidines
  • Pyrans
  • Sialic Acids
  • Oseltamivir
  • laninamivir
  • Zanamivir
Topics
  • Administration, Inhalation
  • Administration, Oral
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Antiviral Agents (administration & dosage)
  • Drug Administration Schedule
  • Female
  • Guanidines
  • Humans
  • Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (isolation & purification)
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype (isolation & purification)
  • Influenza B virus (isolation & purification)
  • Influenza, Human (drug therapy, virology)
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Oseltamivir (administration & dosage)
  • Pyrans
  • Sialic Acids
  • Viral Load
  • Zanamivir (administration & dosage, analogs & derivatives)

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