The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of preliminary
phosphoric acid etching of enamel and dentine before the application of two, one-step self-etch adhesive systems. The systems were applied onto
acid-etched or
smear-layer-covered enamel and dentine. The treatment groups were as follows: group 1, Adper
Easy Bond (3M ESPE) on etched substrate; group 2, Adper
Easy Bond (control); group 3,
iBond Self-Etch (Heraeus Kulzer) on etched substrate; and group 4,
iBond Self-Etch (control). Enamel and dentine bond strengths were calculated using microshear and microtensile bond-strength tests. Additional specimens were prepared to evaluate nanoleakage at the dentine-adhesive interface and were investigated using light microscopy or transmission electron microscopy. Both adhesives demonstrated higher microshear bond strengths when enamel was pre-
acid-etched with
phosphoric acid (Adper
Easy Bond 28.7 ± 4.8 MPa;
iBond Self-Etch 19.7 ± 3.6 MPa) compared with controls (Adper
Easy Bond 19.2 ± 3.3 MPa;
iBond Self-Etch 17.5 ± 2.7 MPa) and increased microtensile bond strength when applied on
acid-etched (Adper
Easy Bond 35.8 ± 5.7 MPa;
iBond Self-Etch 24.3 ± 7.9 MPa) vs.
smear-layer-covered dentine (Adper
Easy Bond 26.9 ± 6.2 MPa;
iBond Self-Etch 17.6 ± 4.3 MPa). Adper
Easy Bond showed lower nanoleakage than
iBond Self-Etch, irrespective of preliminary etching. The results of this study support the use of
phosphoric acid etching before the application of one-step self-etch adhesive systems.