The aim of this study was to analyse leachable monomers, additives, and degradation products from
polymer-based orthodontic base-plate materials. One heat-cured resin (
Orthocryl), one light-cured (
Triad VLC), and three thermoplastic materials (
Biocryl C, Essix A+, and Essix Embrace) were investigated. Elution was performed in water at 37°C for 10 days. The extract medium was changed and analysed daily. Chromatographic methods were used to identify and quantify the leachables. In addition, the content of residual methyl
methacrylate (MMA) was quantified in the
poly(methyl methacrylate) (
PMMA)-based materials. Statistical analysis of the quantitative results was performed using a t-test for comparison of two independent samples. Monomers and additives leached from the materials polymerized in situ and from the thermoplastic
PMMA-based material. No leachable substances were found in the extracts from the other thermoplastic materials. Accumulated over 10 days, a larger amount of MMA leached from the
powder-and-liquid material,
Orthocryl (42 μg/cm(2)), than from the thermoplastic material,
Biocryl C (0.49 μg/cm(2)). The accumulated amounts of monomers leached from
Triad VLC were 91 μg/cm(2) of
urethane dimethacrylate and 2.2 μg/cm(2) of
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
Formaldehyde was found to leach from
methacrylate-based materials: 3.2 μg/cm(2) from
Orthocryl and 0.16 μg/cm(2) from
Triad VLC. However,
formaldehyde was not detectable in extracts from
Biocryl C. Residual MMA was 5.4 wt % in
Orthocryl and 0.4 wt % in
Biocryl C. No phthalates were detected in the tested materials. In this in vitro study, minimal leaching was found from the thermoplastic materials, while leaching of
methacrylates and
formaldehyde was observed from the
powder-and-liquid type and the
paste material. Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that prefabricated thermoplastic plates should be preferred for patients with an
allergy to
methacrylates.