Comparative efficacy of besifloxacin and other fluoroquinolones in a prophylaxis model of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae rabbit endophthalmitis.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

To study the efficacy of topical administration of gatifloxacin (0.3%), moxifloxacin (0.5%) ophthalmic solutions, and besifloxacin (0.6%) ophthalmic suspension as prophylaxis and treatment of pneumococcal endophthalmitis.

METHODS:

Four groups of New Zealand white rabbits were topically treated with gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, besifloxacin, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at the following time points: 60, 45, 30, and 15 min before infection, immediately after infection, and then 6, 12, 18, and 24 h postinfection. Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP; 10(6) colony-forming unit [CFU] in 50 microL) was injected into the aqueous humor of each eye. The clinical severity of the eyes was assessed by 2 masked observers 24 h postinfection. Aqueous and vitreous samples were collected, diluted, and plated to determine recovered CFU.

RESULTS:

Fluoroquinolone-treated eyes had significantly lower clinical scores and bacteria recovered from the aqueous humor than the PBS-treated eyes. There was no difference, however, among the fluoroquinolone-treated groups. In contrast, none of the fluoroquinolones reduced the number of bacteria recovered (CFU) from the vitreous humor.

CONCLUSIONS:

Besifloxacin is as effective as moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin in a rabbit model for topical prophylaxis and treatment of PRSP-induced endophthalmitis.

• Authors: Erin W Norcross, Melissa E Sanders, Quincy Moore 3rd, Christine M Sanfilippo, Christine K Hesje, Afshin Shafiee, Mary E Marquart
• Journal: Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J Ocul Pharmacol Ther) Vol. 26 Issue 3 Pg. 237-43 (Jun 2010) ISSN: 1557-7732 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 20565309 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Anti-Bacterial Agents
• Aza Compounds
• Azepines
• Fluoroquinolones
• Ophthalmic Solutions
• Quinolines
• besifloxacin
• Gatifloxacin
• Moxifloxacin

Topics

• Administration, Topical
• Animals
• Anti-Bacterial Agents (administration & dosage, pharmacology)
• Aza Compounds (administration & dosage, pharmacology)
• Azepines (administration & dosage, pharmacology)
• Colony Count, Microbial
• Disease Models, Animal
• Endophthalmitis (drug therapy, microbiology, prevention & control)
• Fluoroquinolones (administration & dosage, pharmacology)
• Gatifloxacin
• Moxifloxacin
• Ophthalmic Solutions
• Penicillin Resistance
• Pneumococcal Infections (drug therapy, microbiology, prevention & control)
• Quinolines (administration & dosage, pharmacology)
• Rabbits
• Severity of Illness Index
• Streptococcus pneumoniae (drug effects, isolation & purification)
• Time Factors