In vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activity of Calotropis procera stem extracts.

Abstract

The cytotoxic potential of stem organic extracts from Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) was firstly evaluated against cancer cell lines by MTT assay. Subsequently, samples considered cytotoxic were tested for antimitotic activity on sea urchin egg development and for in vivo antiproliferative activity in mice bearing Sarcoma 180 tumor. Among the five extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol), ethyl acetate and acetone extracts displayed higher cytotoxic potential against tumor cells, with IC50 ranging from 0.8 to 4.4 microg/mL, while methanolic extract was weakly cytotoxic. Cytotoxic extracts also exhibited cell division inhibition capacity by antimitotic assay, revealing IC50 values lower than 5 microg/mL. In the in vivo antitumor assessments, ethyl acetate- and acetone-treated animals showed tumor growth inhibition ratios of 64.3 and 53.1%, respectively, with reversible toxic effects on liver and kidneys. Further studies are in progress in order to identify C. procera cytotoxic compound(s) and to understand the mechanism of action responsible for this tumor-decreasing potential.

• Authors: Hemerson I F Magalhães, Paulo M P Ferreira, Eraldo S Moura, Márcia R Torres, Ana P N N Alves, Otília D L Pessoa, Letícia V Costa-Lotufo, Manoel O Moraes, Cláudia Pessoa
• Journal: Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias (An Acad Bras Cienc) Vol. 82 Issue 2 Pg. 407-16 (Jun 2010) ISSN: 1678-2690 [Electronic] Brazil
• PMID: 20563422 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
• Plant Extracts

Topics

• Animals
• Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic (pharmacology)
• Calotropis (chemistry)
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Cell Proliferation (drug effects)
• Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
• Inhibitory Concentration 50
• Mice
• Plant Extracts (pharmacology)
• Sarcoma 180
• Sea Urchins