Mitochondrial production of
reactive oxygen species and oxidation of
cardiolipin are key events in initiating apoptosis. We reported that group VIA Ca(2+)-independent
phospholipase A(2) (
iPLA(2)beta) localizes in and protects beta-cell mitochondria from oxidative damage during
staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Here, we used iPLA(2)beta-null (
iPLA(2)beta(-/-)) mice to investigate the role of
iPLA(2)beta in the repair of mitochondrial membranes. We show that islets isolated from
iPLA(2)beta(-/-) mice are more sensitive to
staurosporine-induced apoptosis than those from wild-type littermates and that 2 wk of daily ip administration of
staurosporine to
iPLA(2)beta(-/-) mice impairs both the animals'
glucose tolerance and
glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by their pancreatic islets. Moreover, the
iPLA(2)beta inhibitor
bromoenol lactone caused mitochondrial membrane peroxidation and
cytochrome c release, and these effects were reversed by N-acetyl
cysteine. The mitochondrial
antioxidant N-t-butyl
hydroxylamine blocked
staurosporine-induced
cytochrome c release and
caspase-3 activation in
iPLA(2)beta(-/-) islets. Furthermore, the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential in INS-1
insulinoma cells caused by high
glucose and
fatty acid levels was attenuated by overexpressing
iPLA(2)beta. Interestingly,
iPLA(2)beta was expressed only at low levels in islet beta-cells from
obesity- and diabetes-prone db/db mice. These findings support the hypothesis that
iPLA(2)beta is important in repairing oxidized mitochondrial membrane components (e.g.
cardiolipin) and that this prevents
cytochrome c release in response to stimuli that otherwise induce apoptosis. The low
iPLA(2)beta expression level in db/db mouse beta-cells may render them vulnerable to injury by
reactive oxygen species.