In immunization of fish with
polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (
poly[I:C], a synthetic
double-stranded RNA, injection of
Poly(I:C) followed by challenge with a live virus induces a transient, non-specific
antiviral state by
interferon activity. When exposed to a virus while in this
antiviral state, the fish acquire a specific and protective immunity against the corresponding
viral disease and survive. In the present study, the effiacy of
Poly(I:C) immunization was investigated in japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus using viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) as a model; the minimum dose of
Poly(I:C) required for inducing protection and the duration of the
antiviral state were determined, and a potentially curative effect of
Poly(I:C) administration was assessed. The
antiviral state was induced by administration of
Poly(I:C) doses ranging from 12.5 to 200 microg fish(-1). Minimum dose to induce the
antiviral state (relative percentage survival, RPS: 90%) was 12.5 microg fish(-1). No curative effect of
Poly(I:C) was observed in fish pre-infected with VHSV. Fish injected with 200 microg
Poly(I:C) fish(-1) were highly protected (RPS: 100%) from an artificial challenge with VHSV, and specific
antibodies against VHSV were detected. The corresponding high level of
antiviral state against VHSV was attained 1 d post
Poly(I:C) injection, lasted for 6 d and susequently decreased. Moreover, the surviving fish were highly protected from re-challenge with VHSV (RPS: 100%). Thus, it was considered that an immunity against
viral hemorrhagic septicemia was induced in the Japanese flounder by injecting live VHSV following
Poly(I:C) administration.