As infrared penetrates the skin, thermal effects of infrared irradiation on
cancer cells have been investigated in the field of
hyperthermia. We evaluated non-thermal effects of infrared irradiation using a specialized device (1100-18000 nm with filtering of wavelengths between 1400 and 1500 nm and contact cooling) on
cancer cells. In in vitro study, five kinds of cultured
cancer cell lines (MCF7
breast cancer, HeLa
uterine cervical cancer, NUGC-4
gastric cancer, B16F0
melanoma, and MDA-MB435
melanoma) were irradiated using the infrared device, and then the cell proliferation activity was evaluated by
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. Proliferation of all the
cancer cell lines was significantly suppressed by infrared irradiation. Total infrared output appeared to be correlated with cell survival. Increased temperature during infrared irradiation appeared not to play a role in cell survival. The maximum temperature elevation in the wells after each shot in the 20 and 40 J/cm(2) culture was 3.8 degrees C and 6.9 degrees C, respectively. In addition, we have shown that infrared irradiation significantly inhibited the
tumor growth of MCF7
breast cancer transplanted in
severe combined immunodeficiency mice and MDA-MB435
melanoma transplanted in nude mice in vivo. Significant differences between control and irradiated groups were observed in
tumor volume and frequencies of TUNEL-positive and Ki-67-positive cells. These results indicate that infrared, independent of thermal energy, can induce cell killing of
cancer cells. As this infrared irradiation schedule reduces discomfort and side effects, reaches the deep subcutaneous tissues, and facilitates repeated irradiations, it may have potential as an application for treating various forms of
cancer.