Down-regulation of tyrosine aminotransferase at a frequently deleted region 16q22 contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Abstract

UNLABELLED:

Loss of 16q is one of the most frequent alterations in many malignancies including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), suggesting the existence of a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) within the frequently deleted region. In this report we describe the identification and characterization of one candidate TSG, tyrosine aminotransferase gene (TAT), at 16q22.1. Loss of one TAT allele was detected in 27/50 (54%) of primary HCCs by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, homo-deletion of TAT alleles was detected in two cases. Down-regulation of TAT was detected in 28/50 (56%) of HCCs, which was significantly associated with the loss of TAT allele and hypermethylation of TAT 5' CpG island (CGI) region (P < 0.001). Functional studies found that TAT has a strong tumor suppressive ability. Introduction of the TAT gene into HCC cell lines could effectively inhibit colony formation in soft agar, foci formation, and tumor formation in nude mice. Further study found that the tumor suppressive mechanism of TAT was associated with its proapoptotic role in a mitochondrial-dependent manner by promoting cytochrome-c release and activating caspase-9 and PARP.

CONCLUSION:

Taken together, our findings suggest that TAT plays an important suppressive role in the development and progression of HCC.

• Authors: Li Fu, Sui-Sui Dong, Yi-Wu Xie, Lai-Shan Tai, Leilei Chen, Kar Lok Kong, Kwan Man, Dan Xie, Yan Li, Yingduan Cheng, Qian Tao, Xin-Yuan Guan
• Journal: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) (Hepatology) Vol. 51 Issue 5 Pg. 1624-34 (May 2010) ISSN: 1527-3350 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 20209601 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• RNA, Small Interfering
• Cytochromes c
• Tyrosine Transaminase
• Caspase 9

Topics

• Animals
• Apoptosis (physiology)
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular (genetics)
• Caspase 9 (metabolism)
• Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 (genetics)
• CpG Islands
• Cytochromes c (metabolism)
• DNA Methylation
• Down-Regulation
• Enzyme Activation
• Gene Deletion
• Humans
• Liver Neoplasms (genetics)
• Mice
• Mice, Nude
• RNA, Small Interfering (pharmacology)
• Tyrosine Transaminase (genetics)