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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment for postoperative pericardial effusion: a multicenter randomized, double-blind trial.

AbstractBACKGROUND:
The incidence of asymptomatic pericardial effusion is high after cardiac surgery. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed in this setting, but no study has assessed their efficacy.
OBJECTIVE:
To assess whether the NSAID diclofenac is effective in reducing postoperative pericardial effusion volume.
DESIGN:
Multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. (Clinical trials.gov registration number: NCT00247052)
SETTING:
5 postoperative cardiac rehabilitation centers.
PATIENTS:
196 patients at high risk for tamponade because of moderate to large persistent pericardial effusion (grade 2, 3, or 4 on a scale of 0 to 4, as measured by echocardiography) more than 7 days after cardiac surgery.
INTERVENTION:
Random assignment at each site in blocks of 4 to diclofenac, 50 mg, or placebo twice daily for 14 days.
MEASUREMENTS:
The main end point was change in effusion grade after 14 days of treatment. Secondary end points included frequency of late cardiac tamponade.
RESULTS:
The initial mean pericardial effusion grade was 2.58 (SD, 0.73) for the placebo group and 2.75 (SD, 0.81) for the diclofenac group. The 2 groups showed similar mean decreases from baseline after treatment (-1.08 grades [SD, 1.20] for the placebo group vs. -1.36 (SD, 1.25) for the diclofenac group). The mean difference between groups was -0.28 grade (95% CI, -0.63 to 0.06 grade; P = 0.105). Eleven cases of late cardiac tamponade occurred in the placebo group and 9 in the diclofenac group (P = 0.64). These differences persisted after adjustment for grade of pericardial effusion at baseline, treatment site, and type of surgery.
LIMITATION:
The sample was not large enough to find small beneficial effects of diclofenac or assess the cardiovascular tolerance of diclofenac.
CONCLUSION:
In patients with pericardial effusion after cardiac surgery, diclofenac neither reduced the size of the effusions nor prevented late cardiac tamponade.
PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE:
French Society of Cardiology.
AuthorsPhilippe Meurin, Jean Yves Tabet, Gabriel Thabut, Pascal Cristofini, Titi Farrokhi, Michel Fischbach, Bernard Pierre, Ahmed Ben Driss, Nathalie Renaud, Marie Christine Iliou, Hélène Weber, French Society of Cardiology
JournalAnnals of internal medicine (Ann Intern Med) Vol. 152 Issue 3 Pg. 137-43 (Feb 02 2010) ISSN: 1539-3704 [Electronic] United States
PMID20124229 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
  • Diclofenac
Topics
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal (administration & dosage)
  • Cardiac Surgical Procedures (adverse effects)
  • Diclofenac (administration & dosage)
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pericardial Effusion (drug therapy, etiology)
  • Prospective Studies

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