Abstract | BACKGROUND: Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a type IV collagenase found at elevated levels in chronic wounds. As wounds heal, MMP-9 diminishes. In this study, we investigated whether MMP-9 directly contributes to chronic wound pathogenesis. METHODS: Recombinant proMMP-9 was prepared using immortalized keratinocytes transduced by a lentivirus. ProMMP-9 was purified from cell culture media and activated using 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate. Active MMP-9 was then suspended in xanthan gum to a concentration paralleling that found in human chronic wounds. Two parallel 6-mm punch biopsies were made on the backs of C57BL mice. Wounds were treated daily with MMP-9 or vehicle. Wound areas were measured and tissues examined by densitometry, real-time RT-PCR, histology, and immunohistochemistry at days 7, 10, and 12. RESULTS: Exogenous MMP-9, at the level found within chronic wounds, delayed wound healing in this animal model. By 7 days, wounds in the MMP-9-injected group were 12% larger than control wounds (P = .008). By day 12, wounds in the MMP-9-injected group were 25% larger than those of the control group (P = .03). Histologic examination shows that high levels of active MMP-9-impaired epithelial migrating tongues (P = .0008). Moreover, consistent with elevated MMP-9, the collagen IV in the leading edge of the epithelial tongue was diminished. CONCLUSION: MMP-9 appears to directly delay wound healing. Our data suggests that this may occur through interference with re-epithelialization. We propose that MMP-9 interferes with the basement membrane protein structure, which in turn impedes keratinocyte migration, attachment, and the reestablishment of the epidermis.
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Authors | Matthew J Reiss, Yan-Ping Han, Edwin Garcia, Mytien Goldberg, Hong Yu, Warren L Garner |
Journal | Surgery
(Surgery)
Vol. 147
Issue 2
Pg. 295-302
(Feb 2010)
ISSN: 1532-7361 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 20004432
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | Copyright 2010 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Enzyme Precursors
- Recombinant Proteins
- pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
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Topics |
- Animals
- Basement Membrane
(drug effects, pathology)
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Movement
(drug effects)
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Enzyme Precursors
(pharmacology)
- Epithelium
(drug effects, pathology)
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
(metabolism, pharmacology)
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Recombinant Proteins
(pharmacology)
- Skin
(injuries)
- Wound Healing
(drug effects, physiology)
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