Since there is a reported interrelationship between
vitamin A and Fe metabolism, and with immunological response, the objective was to evaluate the effect of a single dose of
vitamin A administered to preschool children, on Fe and
vitamin A nutritional status, anaemia and phagocytic function of neutrophils, 30 d after supplementation. A total of eighty children (sixty-eight supplemented and twelve controls) were supplemented orally with 200,000 IU (60 mg)
vitamin A, and evaluated for nutritional, haematological and immunological responses at the beginning of the study and 30 d after supplementation. Parameters studied included Hb, serum
ferritin,
retinol and Fe concentrations,
transferrin saturation,
IL-4,
interferon-gamma and phagocityc capacity of neutrophils using non-fluorescent
latex microbeads. After supplementation there was a significant increase in Hb concentration (P = 0.03), mean corpuscular Hb concentration (P = 0.001) and serum
retinol (P = 0.0078). Prevalences of anaemia and
vitamin A deficiency decreased significantly from 17.6 % to 13.2 % and from 25 % to 13.2 %, respectively. Regarding phagocytic function, there was a significant increase in the number of
microbeads engulfed by neutrophils (P < 0.05) and no significant changes in
cytokine concentrations at 1 month
after treatment. A single dose of 200,000 IU (60 mg)
vitamin A administered orally to a group of preschool children with a high prevalence of
vitamin A deficiency enhanced serum
retinol and Hb concentrations, decreased the prevalence of anaemia and
vitamin A deficiency and improved the constitutive phagocytic capacity of neutrophils.
Vitamin A supplementation could help to decrease
vitamin A deficiency, anaemia prevalence and to improve the innate immunity response in preschool children. The effects were obtained without Fe supplementation.