In the present study, the gastroprotective mechanism of Xylocarpus granatum fruit and its active constituents
gedunin and photogedunin was investigated.
Chloroform fraction (Fr-CHCl(3)) of X. granatum fruit was evaluated against cold restraint (CRU),
aspirin (AS), alcohol (AL) and pyloric
ligation (PL) induced
gastric ulcer models in rats and
histamine (HA) induced
duodenal ulcer model in guinea pigs. Potential anti-
ulcer activity of Fr-CHCl(3) was observed against CRU (58.28%), AS (67.81%), AL (84.38%), PL (65.66%) and HA (61.93%) induced
ulcer models. The standard
drug omeprazole (10mg/kg, p.o.) showed 68.25% protection against CRU, 57.08% against AS and 69.42% against PL model and 70.79% against HA induced
duodenal ulcer.
Sucralfate, another standard
drug (500 mg/kg, p.o.) showed 62.72% protection in AL induced
ulcer model. Fr-CHCl(3) significantly reduced free acidity (51.42%), total acidity (30.76%) and upregulated
mucin secretion by 58.37% respectively.
Phytochemical investigations of Fr-CHCl(3) yielded
gedunin (36%), photogedunin (2%). Further, Fr-CHCl(3) and its compounds
gedunin and photogedunin significantly inhibited H(+) K(+)-
ATPase activity in vitro with IC(50) of 89.37, 56.86 and 66.54 microg/ml respectively as compared to the IC(50) value of
omeprazole (30.24 microg/ml) confirming their anti-secretory activity. Conclusively, Fr-CHCl(3) of Xylocarpus granatum was found to possess anti-ulcerogenic activity which might be due to its anti-secretory activity and subsequent strengthening of the defensive mechanism. This study is the first of its kind to show significant anti-secretory effect of
gedunin and photogedunin. Therefore it could act as a potent therapeutic agent against
peptic ulcer disease.