The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of
rosiglitazone and/or exercise training on novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients with
type 2 diabetes mellitus. One hundred
overweight/obese
type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, with inadequate
glycemic control (
hemoglobin A(1c) >7%) despite combined treatment with
gliclazide plus
metformin, were randomized using a 2 x 2 factorial design to 4 equivalent (n = 25) groups, as follows: (1) CO: maintenance of habitual activities, (2) RSG: add-on
therapy with
rosiglitazone (8 mg/d), (3) EX: adjunctive exercise training, and (4) RSG + EX: supplementary administration of
rosiglitazone (8 mg/d) plus exercise training. No participant had
diabetic vascular complications or was receiving
lipid-lowering
therapy. Anthropometric parameters, cardiorespiratory capacity, glycemic and
lipid profile,
apolipoprotein (
apo) A-I,
apo B,
interleukin (IL)-10,
IL-18,
insulin resistance, and blood pressure were measured before and after 12 months of intervention (P < .05). Both RSG and EX groups significantly reduced glycemic indexes,
insulin resistance, blood pressure, and
IL-18, whereas they significantly increased
high-density lipoprotein, cardiorespiratory capacity, and
IL-10, compared with CO group (P < .05). Besides this, exercise-treated patients conferred a remarkable down-regulation in the rest of
lipid parameters (total
cholesterol,
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,
triglycerides,
apo B) and body fat content (P < .05) in comparison with CO group. On the other hand, RSG group rather than CO group considerably increased
apo A-I levels and body mass index (P < .05). Notably, the combined treatment group yielded pronounced beneficial changes in glycemic indexes,
lipid profile,
insulin resistance, blood pressure,
IL-10,
IL-18,
apo A-I, and
apo B (vs CO group, P < .05). Furthermore, the addition of exercise to
rosiglitazone treatment counteracted the
drug-related negative effects on
body weight,
low-density lipoprotein, and total
cholesterol.
Rosiglitazone plus exercise training elicited additive effects on body composition,
glycemic control, and traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in
type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, indicating complementary effects.