Reduction in the appearance of facial hyperpigmentation after use of moisturizers with a combination of topical niacinamide and N-acetyl glucosamine: results of a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Topical niacinamide and N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) each individually inhibit epidermal pigmentation in cell culture. In small clinical studies, niacinamide-containing and NAG-containing formulations reduced the appearance of hyperpigmentation.

OBJECTIVES:

To assess the effect of a combination of niacinamide and NAG in a topical moisturizing formulation on irregular facial pigmentation, including specific detection of changes in colour features associated with melanin.

METHODS:

This was a 10-week, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, full-face, parallel-group clinical study conducted in women aged 40-60 years. After a 2-week washout period, subjects used a daily regimen of either a morning sun protection factor (SPF) 15 sunscreen moisturizing lotion and evening moisturizing cream each containing 4% niacinamide + 2% NAG (test formulation; n = 101) or the SPF 15 lotion and cream vehicles (vehicle control; n = 101). Product-induced changes in apparent pigmentation were assessed by capturing digital photographic images of the women after 0, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of product use and evaluating the images by algorithm-based computer image analysis for coloured spot area fraction, by expert visual grading, and by chromophore-specific image analysis based on noncontact SIAscopy for melanin spot area fraction and melanin chromophore evenness.

RESULTS:

By all four measures, the niacinamide + NAG formulation regimen was significantly (P < 0.05) more effective than the vehicle control formulation regimen in reducing the detectable area of facial spots and the appearance of pigmentation.

CONCLUSIONS:

A formulation containing the combination of niacinamide + NAG reduced the appearance of irregular pigmentation including hypermelaninization, providing an effect beyond that achieved with SPF 15 sunscreen.

• Authors: A B Kimball, J R Kaczvinsky, J Li, L R Robinson, P J Matts, C A Berge, K Miyamoto, D L Bissett
• Journal: The British journal of dermatology (Br J Dermatol) Vol. 162 Issue 2 Pg. 435-41 (Feb 01 2010) ISSN: 1365-2133 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 19845667 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Pharmaceutical Vehicles
• Niacinamide
• Glucosamine
• Acetylglucosamine

Topics

• Acetylglucosamine (administration & dosage)
• Administration, Topical
• Adult
• Double-Blind Method
• Drug Therapy, Combination
• Face
• Female
• Glucosamine (administration & dosage)
• Humans
• Hyperpigmentation (drug therapy)
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
• Middle Aged
• Niacinamide (administration & dosage)
• Pharmaceutical Vehicles
• Skin Pigmentation (drug effects)
• Statistics as Topic
• Treatment Outcome