In confluent keratinocyte monolayers, desmosomal adhesion gradually becomes
calcium-independent and this is associated with an increase in the strength of intercellular adhesion (hyper-adhesion). In this study, we investigated the functional and molecular significance of hyper-adhesion in a system challenged by autoimmune sera from patients with
Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV), a disease primarily targeting desmosomal adhesion. The results show that keratinocytes with
calcium-independent desmosomes are resistant to disruption of intercellular contacts (
acantholysis) in experimental PV. Furthermore, both the
desmosomal cadherins desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg3 and the adherens junction
protein E-cadherin were decreased in confluent keratinocytes at Day 1, but not in hyper-adhesive cells (Day 6) after incubation with PV serum. Pharmacological induction of the hyper-adhesive state with the PKC inhibitor
Go6976 reduced both the
acantholysis rate and the processing of
cell adhesion molecules induced by PV serum. When the establishment of the hyper-adhesive state was prevented by cell adhesion recognition (CAR)
peptides that perturbed desmosomal interactions,
Go6976 could still partially attenuate PV
acantholysis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that keratinocyte hyper-adhesion decreases the morphological, functional and biochemical dys-cohesive effects of PV serum via mechanisms that involve, at least in part, the function of PKC. This suggests that reinforcing keratinocyte adhesion may be a promising way to inhibit the effects of this most debilitating disorder.