Abstract | BACKGROUND: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis of an increased rate of streptococcal infections preceding the onset of neuropsychiatric disorders. METHODS: RESULTS: There was no overall increased risk of prior possible streptococcal infection in patients with a diagnosis of OCD, TS, or tics. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with OCD had a slightly higher risk than controls of having had possible streptococcal infections without prescription of antibiotics in the 2 years prior to the onset of OCD (odds ratio 2.59, 95% confidence interval 1.18, 5.69; p = 0.02). Cases with TS or tics were not more likely to come from more affluent or urban areas, but more cases lived in areas with a greater proportion of white population (p value for trend = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study does not support a strong relationship between streptococcal infections and neuropsychiatric syndromes such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome. However, it is possible that a weak association (or a stronger association in a small susceptible subpopulation) was not detected due to nondifferential misclassification of exposure and limited statistical power. The data are consistent with previous reports of greater rates of diagnosis of Tourette syndrome or tics in white populations.
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Authors | A Schrag, R Gilbert, G Giovannoni, M M Robertson, C Metcalfe, Y Ben-Shlomo |
Journal | Neurology
(Neurology)
Vol. 73
Issue 16
Pg. 1256-63
(Oct 20 2009)
ISSN: 1526-632X [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 19794128
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
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Topics |
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Anti-Bacterial Agents
(therapeutic use)
- Case-Control Studies
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
(epidemiology, etiology)
- Risk Factors
- Sex Factors
- Socioeconomic Factors
- Streptococcal Infections
(complications, epidemiology)
- Tics
(epidemiology, etiology)
- Tourette Syndrome
(epidemiology, etiology)
- Young Adult
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