Platycodin D and 2''-O-acetyl-polygalacin D2 isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum protect ischemia/reperfusion injury in the gerbil hippocampus.

Abstract

Platycodi radix is used as a folk remedy for several conditions. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of five major extracts; deapioplatycoside E (DPE), platycoside E (PE), platyconic acid A (PA), platycodin D (PD) and 2''-o-acetyl-polygalacin D2 (PD2) isolated from the P.radix in the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) 4 or 10 days after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Each extract was administered into gerbils with intraperitoneal injection (5 mg/kg/day) 10 days before ischemic surgery and the gerbils were sacrificed 4 or 10 days after I/R. Fluoro-Jade B (F-J B, a marker for neurodegeneration) positive ((+)) neurons increased significantly in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 region in the vehicle-treated group after I/R. A similar pattern was observed in the DPE-, PE- and PA-treated groups; however, in the PD- and PD2-treated groups, F-J B(+) neurons were small in number. We also observed that activations of astrocytes and microglia in the CA1 region after I/R were blocked by the PD- and PD2 treatments. In addition, we found that Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) immunoreactivity in the pyramidal layer of the PD- and PD2-treated groups was similar to that of the sham group and COX-2(+) and NF-kappaB(+) cells were significantly lower in the PD- and PD2-treated group than those in the vehicle-treated group after I/R. These results suggest that PD and PD2 rescue neurons in the CA1 region from an ischemic damage.

• Authors: Jung Hoon Choi, Ki-Yeon Yoo, Ok Kyu Park, Choong Hyun Lee, Moo-Ho Won, In Koo Hwang, Shi Yong Ryu, Young Sup Kim, Jae-Seon Yi, Young-Soo Bae, Il-Jun Kang
• Journal: Brain research (Brain Res) Vol. 1279 Pg. 197-208 (Jul 07 2009) ISSN: 1872-6240 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 19433075 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• 2''-O-acetyl-polygalacin D2
• Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
• NF-kappa B
• Neuroprotective Agents
• Plant Extracts
• Saponins
• Triterpenes
• platycoside E
• Oleanolic Acid
• platycodin D
• Cyclooxygenase 2
• Superoxide Dismutase
• Superoxide Dismutase-1

Topics

• Animals
• Brain Ischemia (drug therapy, metabolism)
• Cell Survival (drug effects)
• Cyclooxygenase 2 (metabolism)
• Gerbillinae
• Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (metabolism)
• Gliosis (drug therapy, metabolism)
• Hippocampus (drug effects, metabolism)
• Male
• NF-kappa B (metabolism)
• Neuroprotective Agents (therapeutic use)
• Oleanolic Acid (analogs & derivatives, therapeutic use)
• Phytotherapy
• Plant Extracts (therapeutic use)
• Platycodon
• Reperfusion Injury (drug therapy, metabolism)
• Saponins (therapeutic use)
• Superoxide Dismutase (metabolism)
• Superoxide Dismutase-1
• Triterpenes (therapeutic use)