Substitution of vegetable oil for a partially-hydrogenated fat favorably alters cardiovascular disease risk factors in moderately hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

Compared to vegetable oils in their unmodified state, partially-hydrogenated fat is associated with less favorable effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Acceptable alternatives must be adjudicated. Our objective was to assess the effect of a recent commercial fat substitution, corn oil for partially-hydrogenated soybean oil.

METHODS:

Using a double-blind cross-over design, 30 postmenopausal women >or=50 years with LDL-cholesterol concentrations >or=120 mg/dL were randomly assigned to each of two 35-day phases; all food and beverage was provided to maintain body weight. Corn or partially-hydrogenated soybean oil was incorporated throughout the diet and contributed two-thirds of fat. Primary outcomes included fasting and non-fasting lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, and fasting high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations; secondary outcomes included fasting small dense LDL (sdLDL)-cholesterol, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RemLC), glycated albumin, adiponectin and immunoreactive insulin concentrations, and endogenous cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activities.

RESULTS:

Relative to the partially-hydrogenated soybean oil enriched diet, the corn oil enriched diet resulted in lower fasting total cholesterol (7%; P<0.0001), LDL-cholesterol (10%; P<0.0001), VLDL-cholesterol (7%; P=0.052), apo B (9%; P<0.0001), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] (5%; P=0.024), sdLDL-cholesterol (17%; P=0.001), and RemLC (20%; P=0.007) concentrations, and no significant effect on the other outcomes. Changes in postprandial (4-h post-meal) lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations were similar to the fasting state.

CONCLUSION:

The replacement of partially-hydrogenated soybean oil with corn oil favorably affects a range of CVD risk factors and is an appropriate option to decrease cardiovascular disease risk factors in moderately hypercholesterolemic individuals.

• Authors: Sonia Vega-López, Nirupa R Matthan, Lynne M Ausman, Masumi Ai, Seiko Otokozawa, Ernst J Schaefer, Alice H Lichtenstein
• Journal: Atherosclerosis (Atherosclerosis) Vol. 207 Issue 1 Pg. 208-12 (Nov 2009) ISSN: 1879-1484 [Electronic] Ireland
• PMID: 19423109 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.)

Chemical References

• ADIPOQ protein, human
• APOA1 protein, human
• Adiponectin
• Apolipoprotein A-I
• Apolipoproteins B
• Biomarkers
• CETP protein, human
• Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins
• Cholesterol, HDL
• Cholesterol, LDL
• Cholesterol, VLDL
• Glycation End Products, Advanced
• Insulin
• Serum Albumin
• Triglycerides
• Soybean Oil
• Corn Oil
• C-Reactive Protein
• Sterol O-Acyltransferase
• Glycated Serum Albumin

Topics

• Adiponectin (blood)
• Aged
• Apolipoprotein A-I (blood)
• Apolipoproteins B (blood)
• Biomarkers (blood)
• C-Reactive Protein (metabolism)
• Cardiovascular Diseases (blood, etiology, prevention & control)
• Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins (blood)
• Cholesterol, HDL (blood)
• Cholesterol, LDL (blood)
• Cholesterol, VLDL (blood)
• Corn Oil (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Cross-Over Studies
• Double-Blind Method
• Fasting (blood)
• Female
• Glycation End Products, Advanced
• Humans
• Hydrogenation
• Hypercholesterolemia (blood, complications, diet therapy)
• Insulin (blood)
• Middle Aged
• Postmenopause
• Serum Albumin (metabolism)
• Severity of Illness Index
• Soybean Oil (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Sterol O-Acyltransferase (blood)
• Time Factors
• Treatment Outcome
• Triglycerides (blood)
• Glycated Serum Albumin