Abstract |
During acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemia leads to necrotic areas surrounded by border zones of reversibly damaged cardiomyocytes, showing membrane flip-flop. During reperfusion type IIA secretory phopholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)-IIA) induces direct cell-toxicity and facilitates binding of other inflammatory mediators on these cardiomyocytes. Therefore, we hypothesized that the specific sPLA(2)-IIA-inhibitor PX-18 would reduce cardiomyocyte death and infarct size in vivo. Wistar rats were treated with PX-18 starting minutes after reperfusion, and at day 1 and 2 post AMI. After 28 days hearts were analyzed. Furthermore, the effect of PX-18 on membrane flip-flop and apoptosis was investigated in vitro. PX-18 significantly inhibited sPLA(2)-IIA activity and reduced infarct size (reduction 73 +/- 9%, P < 0.05), compared to the vehicle-treated group, without impairing wound healing. In vitro, PX-18 significantly reduced reversible membrane flip-flop and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. However, no sPLA(2)-IIA activity could be detected, suggesting that PX-18 also exerted a protective effect independent of sPLA(2)-IIA. In conclusion, PX-18 is a potent therapeutic to reduce infarct size by inhibiting sPLA(2)-IIA, and possibly also by inhibiting apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in a sPLA(2)-IIA independent manner.
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Authors | Annemieke van Dijk, Paul A J Krijnen, Rob A Vermond, Amanda Pronk, Marieke Spreeuwenberg, Frans C Visser, Richard Berney, Walter J Paulus, C Erik Hack, Florine J van Milligen, Hans W M Niessen |
Journal | Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death
(Apoptosis)
Vol. 14
Issue 6
Pg. 753-63
(Jun 2009)
ISSN: 1573-675X [Electronic] Netherlands |
PMID | 19421861
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Simvastatin
- Group II Phospholipases A2
- Caspase 3
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Topics |
- Animals
- Apoptosis
(drug effects)
- Caspase 3
(metabolism)
- Cell Membrane
(drug effects, enzymology)
- Cell Movement
(drug effects)
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Inhibitors
(pharmacology)
- Group II Phospholipases A2
(antagonists & inhibitors)
- Heart Function Tests
- Immunohistochemistry
- Macrophages
(cytology, drug effects, enzymology)
- Myocardial Infarction
(enzymology, pathology, physiopathology)
- Myocytes, Cardiac
(cytology, drug effects, enzymology)
- Neutrophils
(cytology, drug effects, enzymology)
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Simvastatin
(pharmacology)
- Solubility
(drug effects)
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