CpG oligonucleotides as adjuvants for vaccines targeting infectious diseases.

Abstract

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs act as immune adjuvants, accelerating and boosting antigen-specific immune responses. CpG motifs promote the induction of Th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines and support the maturation/activation of professional antigen presenting cells (particularly plasmacytoid dendritic cells). These effects are optimized by maintaining close physical contact between the CpG ODN and the immunogen. Co-administering CpG ODN with a variety of vaccines has improved the resultant humoral and/or cellular immune responses, culminating in enhanced protective immunity in rodent and primate challenge models. Ongoing clinical studies indicate that CpG ODN are safe and well-tolerated when administered as adjuvants to humans, and that they can support increased vaccine-specific immune responses.

• Authors: Dennis M Klinman, Sven Klaschik, Takashi Sato, Debbie Tross
• Journal: Advanced drug delivery reviews (Adv Drug Deliv Rev) Vol. 61 Issue 3 Pg. 248-55 (Mar 28 2009) ISSN: 1872-8294 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 19272313 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)

Chemical References

• Adjuvants, Immunologic
• Bacterial Vaccines
• CPG-oligonucleotide
• Cytokines
• Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
• Viral Vaccines

Topics

• Adjuvants, Immunologic (administration & dosage, adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Animals
• Antibody Formation
• Bacterial Vaccines (administration & dosage, immunology)
• Communicable Disease Control
• Communicable Diseases (immunology)
• CpG Islands
• Cytokines (biosynthesis, immunology)
• Humans
• Immunity, Mucosal
• Oligodeoxyribonucleotides (administration & dosage, adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Viral Vaccines (administration & dosage, immunology)