Abstract |
3-Deoxyanthoxyanins (3-DXA) possess unique chemical and biochemical properties and may be useful in helping reduce incidence of gastrointestinal cancer. This study tested sorghum extracts rich in 3-DXA as well as isolated and synthetic 3-DXA for potential to induce activity of phase II enzymes in murine hepatoma cells using the NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO) assay and to inhibit proliferation of the HT-29 human colon cancer cells using MTT and PicoGreen assays. Crude black sorghum extract that contained high levels of methoxylated 3-DXA was a strong inducer of NQO activity (3.0 times at 50 microg/mL), compared to red or white sorghum extracts with low or no methoxylated 3-DXA (1.6 times at 200 microg/mL). All sorghum extracts had strong antiproliferative activity against HT-29 cells after 48 h of incubation (IC(50) = 180-557 microg/mL). Among isolated fractions, nonmethoxylated 3-DXA were very effective against HT-29 cell growth (IC(50) = 44-68 microM at 48 h), but were noninducers of NQO. On the other hand, the methoxylated 3-DXA had both strong antiproliferative activity (IC(50) < 1.5-53 microM) and NQO inducer activity (2-3.7 times). Dimethoxylated 3-DXA were more potent than monomethoxylated analogues. Methoxylation of 3-DXA is essential for NQO activity and also enhances tumor cell growth inhibition.
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Authors | Liyi Yang, Jimmy D Browning, Joseph M Awika |
Journal | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
(J Agric Food Chem)
Vol. 57
Issue 5
Pg. 1797-804
(Mar 11 2009)
ISSN: 1520-5118 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 19256554
(Publication Type: Journal Article)
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Chemical References |
- Anthocyanins
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
- Plant Extracts
- NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)
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Topics |
- Animals
- Anthocyanins
(chemical synthesis, chemistry, pharmacology)
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
(pharmacology)
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
(drug effects)
- Down-Regulation
- HT29 Cells
- Humans
- Mice
- NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)
(metabolism)
- Neoplasms
(enzymology, physiopathology)
- Plant Extracts
(pharmacology)
- Sorghum
(chemistry)
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