Guggulsterone induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in murine colorectal cancer xenografts.

Abstract	The plant sterol guggulsterone has recently been shown to have anti-tumorigenic potential. This study was designed to investigate the anti-tumor efficacy of guggulsterone and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms in colon cancer. Guggulsterone significantly increased apoptosis in HT-29 cells by activating caspases-3 and -8. Furthermore, guggulsterone decreased cIAP-1, cIAP-2, and Bcl-2 levels and increased the levels of truncated Bid, Fas, p-JNK, and p-c-Jun. The size of HT-29 xenograft tumors in guggulsterone-treated mice was significantly smaller than of the size of tumors in control mice. The present study suggests a potential therapeutic use for this compound in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Authors	Min Ji An, Jae Hee Cheon, Seung Won Kim, Eun Soo Kim, Tae Il Kim, Won Ho Kim
Journal	Cancer letters (Cancer Lett) Vol. 279 Issue 1 Pg. 93-100 (Jun 28 2009) ISSN: 1872-7980 [Electronic] Ireland
PMID	19232820 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References	Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein BID protein, human FAS protein, human Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins Pregnenediones Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun fas Receptor pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione BIRC3 protein, human Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing 3 Protein Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases CASP3 protein, human CASP9 protein, human Caspase 3 Caspase 9
Topics	Animals Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic (pharmacology) Apoptosis (drug effects) BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein (metabolism) Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing 3 Protein Caspase 3 (metabolism) Caspase 9 (metabolism) Cell Proliferation (drug effects) Colorectal Neoplasms (drug therapy, metabolism, pathology) Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Enzyme Activation HT29 Cells Humans Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (metabolism) JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (metabolism) Male Mice Mice, Nude Phosphorylation Pregnenediones (pharmacology) Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 (metabolism) Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun (metabolism) Time Factors Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays fas Receptor (metabolism)

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