In-vivo efficacy of amodiaquine-artesunate in children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in western Kenya.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

To assess the efficacy of amodiaquine-artesunate in an area with high chloroquine resistance in western Kenya.

METHODS:

Twenty-eight day in-vivo efficacy trial of amodiaquine-artesunate in 103 children aged 6-59 months in western Kenya with smear-confirmed uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

RESULTS:

The 28-day uncorrected adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) was 69.0%, with 15.5% Late Clinical Failure and 15.5% Late Parasitologic Failure rates. The PCR-corrected 28-day ACPR was 90.2%. Clinical risk factors for recurrent infection (recrudescences and reinfections) were lower axillary temperature at enrollment and low weight-for-age Z-score. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms pfcrt 76T and pfmdr1 86Y at baseline was associated with increased risk of recurrent infections, both reinfections and recrudescences.

CONCLUSION:

Although artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem) is the first line ACT in Kenya, amodiaquine-artesunate is registered as an option for treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum and remains an effective alternative to Coartem in western Kenya. Continued amodiaquine monotherapy in the private sector may jeopardize the future use of amodiaquine-artesunate as an alternative artemisinin-based combination therapy.

• Authors: J I Thwing, C O Odero, F O Odhiambo, K O Otieno, S Kariuki, R Ord, C Roper, M McMorrow, J Vulule, L Slutsker, R D Newman, M J Hamel, M Desai
• Journal: Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH (Trop Med Int Health) Vol. 14 Issue 3 Pg. 294-300 (Mar 2009) ISSN: 1365-3156 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 19187521 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Antimalarials
• Artemisinins
• Drug Combinations
• Mdr1 protein, Plasmodium falciparum
• Membrane Transport Proteins
• Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins
• PfCRT protein, Plasmodium falciparum
• Protozoan Proteins
• amodiaquine, artesunate drug combination
• Amodiaquine

Topics

• Amodiaquine (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Animals
• Antimalarials (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Artemisinins (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Child, Preschool
• Drug Combinations
• Drug Resistance
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Infant
• Malaria, Falciparum (drug therapy, parasitology)
• Male
• Membrane Transport Proteins (genetics)
• Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins (genetics)
• Plasmodium falciparum (drug effects, genetics)
• Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
• Protozoan Proteins (genetics)
• Recurrence
• Treatment Outcome