Protection from pneumonic infection with burkholderia species by inhalational immunotherapy.

Abstract

Burkholderia mallei and B. pseudomallei are important human pathogens and cause the diseases glanders and melioidosis, respectively. Both organisms are highly infectious when inhaled and are inherently resistant to many antimicrobials, thus making it difficult to treat pneumonic Burkholderia infections. We investigated whether it was possible to achieve rapid protection against inhaled Burkholderia infection by using inhaled immunotherapy. For this purpose, cationic liposome DNA complexes (CLDC), which are potent activators of innate immunity, were used to elicit the activation of pulmonary innate immune responses. We found that mucosal CLDC administration before or shortly after bacterial challenge could generate complete or nearly complete protection from inhalational challenge with 100% lethal doses of B. mallei and B. pseudomallei. Protection was found to be dependent on the CLDC-mediated induction of gamma interferon responses in lung tissues and was partially dependent on the activation of NK cells. However, CLDC-mediated protection was not dependent on the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase, as assessed by depletion studies. We concluded that the potent local activation of innate immune responses in the lung could be used to elicit rapid and nonspecific protection from aerosol exposure to both B. mallei and B. pseudomallei.

• Authors: Andrew Goodyear, Lisa Kellihan, Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Ryan Troyer, Katie Propst, Steven Dow
• Journal: Infection and immunity (Infect Immun) Vol. 77 Issue 4 Pg. 1579-88 (Apr 2009) ISSN: 1098-5522 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 19179415 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Cations
• DNA, Bacterial
• Liposomes
• Interferon-gamma

Topics

• Administration, Inhalation
• Animals
• Burkholderia Infections (immunology, microbiology, prevention & control, therapy)
• Burkholderia mallei (pathogenicity)
• Burkholderia pseudomallei (pathogenicity)
• Cations
• Cell Line
• DNA, Bacterial (administration & dosage, genetics, immunology)
• Escherichia coli (genetics)
• Glanders (immunology, microbiology, prevention & control, therapy)
• Humans
• Immunotherapy (methods)
• Interferon-gamma (biosynthesis)
• Liposomes (administration & dosage, immunology)
• Lung Diseases (immunology, microbiology, prevention & control, therapy)
• Macrophages, Alveolar (microbiology)
• Melioidosis (immunology, microbiology, prevention & control, therapy)
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred BALB C
• Plasmids (administration & dosage, genetics, immunology)