Abstract | BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence indicates an association between sympathetic activation and metabolic syndrome. However, sympathetic activation in metabolic syndrome may be a cause, consequence, or just epiphenomenon. To elucidate this issue, the predictive power of resting heart rate for the development of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolisms after 20 years was evaluated in a general population. METHODS: A total of 637 participants (>20 years old) underwent a health examination in 1979 including measurements of blood chemistries. Resting heart rate (bpm) was measured by an electrocardiogram. In 1999, all of the study participants again underwent a health examination, including electrocardiogram and blood chemistries. Because four of them had atrial fibrillation, and 19 subjects were taking antihypertensive medication in 1979, they were excluded from analysis. Therefore, a complete dataset of 614 subjects was available. RESULTS: As was reported in our previous article, in 1999 we found a linear and significant (P < 0.05) cross-sectional relationship between resting heart rate and a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure (BP), free fatty acid (FFA), plasma glucose, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index). Baseline higher heart rate (heart rate >or=80 bpm in 1979) predicted the development of obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and insulin resistance in 1999 after adjustments for age, sex, and other confounders. CONCLUSION: This is one of the first prospective reports demonstrating that higher heart rate may predispose to the development of obesity and DM, suggesting that the sympathetic nerve system may play a role in the development of obesity and DM.
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Authors | Yoshiyuki Shigetoh, Hisashi Adachi, Sho-ichi Yamagishi, Mika Enomoto, Ako Fukami, Maki Otsuka, Shun-ichi Kumagae, Kumiko Furuki, Yasuki Nanjo, Tsutomu Imaizumi |
Journal | American journal of hypertension
(Am J Hypertens)
Vol. 22
Issue 2
Pg. 151-5
(Feb 2009)
ISSN: 1941-7225 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 19151693
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Blood Glucose
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
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Topics |
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Blood Glucose
(metabolism)
- Blood Pressure
(drug effects, physiology)
- Cohort Studies
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus
(etiology)
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
(blood)
- Female
- Heart Rate
(physiology)
- Humans
- Insulin Resistance
(physiology)
- Japan
- Male
- Metabolic Syndrome
(etiology)
- Middle Aged
- Obesity
(etiology)
- Prospective Studies
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