Comparative efficacy of maropitant and selected drugs in preventing emesis induced by centrally or peripherally acting emetogens in dogs.

Abstract

Maropitant (Cerenia; a novel, selective neurokinin(1) receptor antagonist), chlorpromazine, metoclopramide and ondansetron were compared in two randomized, placebo-controlled studies for efficacy in preventing emesis induced by emetogens acting centrally (apomorphine; Study 1) or peripherally (syrup of ipecac; Study 2) in dogs. In each study, ten male and ten female beagles were treated in a five-treatment, five-period crossover design. The five treatments were 0.9% saline (0.1 mL/kg), maropitant (1 mg/kg), metoclopramide (0.5 mg/kg), or chlorpromazine (0.5 mg/kg) all administered subcutaneously, or ondansetron (0.5 mg/kg) administered intravenously. One hour posttreatment dogs were challenged with apomorphine at 0.1 mg/kg intravenously (Study 1) or syrup of ipecac at 0.5 mL/kg orally (Study 2). Following emetogen challenge, dogs were observed for 30 min (Study 1) or 1 h (Study 2) for emesis. No clinical signs, other than those related to emesis, were observed. Efficacy of maropitant in preventing emesis induced centrally by apomorphine was not different (P > 0.05) from metoclopramide or chlorpromazine but was superior (P < 0.0001) to ondansetron. Efficacy of maropitant in preventing emesis induced by syrup of ipecac was not different (P > 0.05) from ondansetron but was superior (P </= 0.0102) to metoclopramide or chlorpromazine. Maropitant was effective (P < 0.0001 relative to control) in preventing vomiting caused by stimulation of either central or peripheral emetic pathways, whereas the other drugs examined prevented vomiting caused by central (metoclopramide and chlorpromazine; P < 0.0001) or peripheral (ondansetron; P < 0.0001) stimulation but not both.

• Authors: H S Sedlacek, D S Ramsey, J F Boucher, J S Eagleson, G A Conder, R G Clemence
• Journal: Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics (J Vet Pharmacol Ther) Vol. 31 Issue 6 Pg. 533-7 (Dec 2008) ISSN: 1365-2885 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 19000276 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Emetics
• Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists
• Quinuclidines
• maropitant
• Ipecac
• Apomorphine

Topics

• Animals
• Apomorphine (adverse effects)
• Cross-Over Studies
• Dogs
• Emetics (adverse effects)
• Humans
• Ipecac (adverse effects)
• Male
• Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists
• Quinuclidines (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Vomiting (chemically induced, prevention & control, veterinary)