Androgen-regulated and highly tumorigenic human prostate cancer cell line established from a transplantable primary CWR22 tumor.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

One of the major obstacles in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition of prostate cancer growth from androgen dependency to a hormone-refractory state is the lack of androgen-regulated and tumorigenic human prostate cancer cell lines.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:

We have established and characterized a new human prostate cancer cell line, CWR22Pc, derived from the primary CWR22 human prostate xenograft tumors.

RESULTS:

The growth of CWR22Pc cells is induced markedly by dihydrotestosterone, and CWR22Pc cells express high levels of androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Importantly, PSA expression in CWR22Pc cells is regulated by androgens. Stat5a/b, Stat3, Akt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase were constitutively active or cytokine inducible in CWR22Pc cells. The AR in CWR22Pc cells contains the H874Y mutation, but not the exon 3 duplication or other mutations. When inoculated subcutaneously into dihydrotestosterone-supplemented castrated nude mice, large tumors formed rapidly in 20 of 20 mice, whereas no tumors developed in mice without circulating dihydrotestosterone. Moreover, the serum PSA levels correlated with the tumor volumes. When androgens were withdrawn from the CWR22Pc tumors grown in nude mice, the tumors initially shrank but regrew back as androgen-independent tumors.

CONCLUSIONS:

This androgen-regulated and tumorigenic human prostate cancer cell line provides a valuable tool for studies on androgen regulation of prostate cancer cells and on the molecular mechanisms taking place in growth promotion of prostate cancer when androgens are withdrawn from the growth environment. CWR22Pc cells also provide a model system for studies on the regulation of transcriptional activity of mutated H874YAR in a prostate cancer cell context.

• Authors: Ayush Dagvadorj, Shyh-Han Tan, Zhiyong Liao, Luciane R Cavalli, Bassem R Haddad, Marja T Nevalainen
• Journal: Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (Clin Cancer Res) Vol. 14 Issue 19 Pg. 6062-72 (Oct 01 2008) ISSN: 1078-0432 [Print] United States
• PMID: 18829484 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.)

Chemical References

• Androgens
• Prostate-Specific Antigen

Topics

• Androgens (metabolism)
• Animals
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Cell Survival
• Cytogenetics (methods)
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
• Humans
• Male
• Mice
• Mice, Nude
• Mutation
• Neoplasm Transplantation
• Nucleic Acid Hybridization
• Prostate-Specific Antigen (biosynthesis)
• Prostatic Neoplasms (genetics, metabolism)
• Signal Transduction