In vitro activity of doripenem, a carbapenem for the treatment of challenging infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, against recent clinical isolates from the United States.

Abstract

Doripenem, a 1beta-methylcarbapenem, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic approved for the treatment of complicated urinary tract and complicated intra-abdominal infections. An indication for hospital-acquired pneumonia including ventilator-associated pneumonia is pending. The current study examined the activity of doripenem against recent clinical isolates for the purposes of its ongoing clinical development and future longitudinal analysis. Doripenem and comparators were tested against 12,581 U.S. clinical isolates collected between 2005 and 2006 including isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. MICs (microg/ml) were established by broth microdilution. By MIC(90), doripenem was comparable to imipenem and meropenem in activity against S. aureus (methicillin susceptible, 0.06; resistant, 8) and S. pneumoniae (penicillin susceptible, < or =0.015; resistant, 1). Against ceftazidime-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae, the MIC(90) of doripenem (0.12) was comparable to that of meropenem (0.12) and superior to that of imipenem (2), though susceptibility of isolates exceeded 99% for all evaluated carbapenems. The activity of doripenem was not notably altered against ceftazidime-nonsusceptible or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase screen-positive Enterobacteriaceae. Doripenem was the most potent carbapenem tested against P. aeruginosa (MIC(90)/% susceptibility [%S]: ceftazidime susceptible = 2/92%S, nonsusceptible = 16/61%S; imipenem susceptible = 1/98.5%S, nonsusceptible = 8/56%S). Against imipenem-susceptible Acinetobacter spp., doripenem (MIC(90) = 2, 89.1%S) was twice as active by MIC(90) as were imipenem and meropenem. Overall, doripenem potency was comparable to those of meropenem and imipenem against gram-positive cocci and doripenem was equal or superior in activity to meropenem and imipenem against Enterobacteriaceae, including beta-lactam-nonsusceptible isolates. Doripenem was the most active carbapenem tested against P. aeruginosa regardless of beta-lactam resistance.

• Authors: Chris M Pillar, Mohana K Torres, Nina P Brown, Dineshchandra Shah, Daniel F Sahm
• Journal: Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy (Antimicrob Agents Chemother) Vol. 52 Issue 12 Pg. 4388-99 (Dec 2008) ISSN: 1098-6596 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 18779357 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Anti-Bacterial Agents
• Carbapenems
• Doripenem

Topics

• Anti-Bacterial Agents (pharmacology)
• Carbapenems (pharmacology)
• Doripenem
• Gram-Negative Bacteria (classification, drug effects, isolation & purification)
• Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections (microbiology)
• Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections (microbiology)
• Gram-Positive Cocci (classification, drug effects, isolation & purification)
• Humans
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests (standards)
• United States