This study has been performed to assess the effect of
methyldopa (MD)
therapy in pregnancy
hypertension on the neonatal adaptation. Infants born to mothers on MD for several weeks prior to delivery and presenting with excessive
tremor and irritability were evaluated according to the dose of maternal MD. Pregnancy
hypertension and high dose MD was associated with impaired placental perfusion, compromised function of fetoplacental unit and more frequent surgical delivery. Infants of mothers on high (1.25-2.0 g/day) or low (less than 1 g/day) MD had gestational age, head circumference, acid-base balance, Apgar score and blood pressure similar to those born to healthy control mothers. The
birth weight of infants of the high MD group, however, were significantly lower than in the low-dose or control groups. MD
therapy resulted in a dose-dependent increase in plasma levels of
prolactin,
thyrotropin and triiodthyronine indicating decreased dopaminergic inhibition of pituitary
hormone release. Plasma
thyroxine concentration, however, decreased significantly. Cerebrospinal fluid
noradrenaline was found to be markedly depressed after maternal MD showing disturbed central nervous system monoamine metabolism. It is suggested that MD administration to mothers presenting with pregnancy
hypertension interferes with cerebral monoamine metabolism of the neonate and induces alterations in some endocrine functions under dopaminergic control. The possible role of chronic
fetal distress frequently associated with pregnancy
hypertension should also be considered.