Cost-effectiveness of the oral adsorbent AST-120 versus placebo for chronic kidney disease.

Abstract

AIM:

This study was designed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of AST-120, an oral adsorbent that attenuates the progression of chronic kidney disease.

METHODS:

We developed a Markov model with six health states, including four levels of serum creatinine, haemodialysis and death, using data from a randomized clinical trial conducted in Japan. Direct costs relevant to chronic kidney disease were calculated from a Japanese reimbursement perspective. Projected quality-adjusted life years (QALY) and costs were compared between the AST-120 and placebo groups. The target population was nondiabetic patients with serum creatinine levels from 5.0 to 8.0 mg/dL (442-707 micromol/L) at baseline. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the stability of the results.

RESULTS:

At 3 years, mean total costs per patient were estimated at 6.67 million yen (US$56,982) in the AST-120 group and 9.38 million yen (US$80,196) in the placebo group. Mean total costs were 2.72 million yen (US$23,205) lower among patients receiving AST-120. QALY per patient were 0.295 (approximately 3.5 months) greater for patients receiving AST-120 than for those receiving placebo over 3 years. The finding that treatment with AST-120 dominated placebo (i.e. was less costly and resulted in more QALY) was upheld in sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSION:

The use of AST-120 in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease may help to slow the rate of growth in expenditures for kidney disease.

• Authors: Tomohiko Takahashi, Shelby D Reed, Kevin A Schulman
• Journal: Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) (Nephrology (Carlton)) Vol. 13 Issue 5 Pg. 419-27 (Oct 2008) ISSN: 1440-1797 [Electronic] Australia
• PMID: 18518936 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Oxides
• Renal Agents
• Carbon
• AST 120

Topics

• Administration, Oral
• Adsorption
• Adult
• Carbon (administration & dosage, economics)
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• Disease Progression
• Female
• Health Care Costs (statistics & numerical data)
• Humans
• Japan
• Kidney Failure, Chronic (drug therapy, economics)
• Male
• Markov Chains
• Middle Aged
• Oxides (administration & dosage, economics)
• Quality-Adjusted Life Years
• Renal Agents (administration & dosage, economics)