Promotion potential of madder color in a medium-term multi-organ carcinogenesis bioassay model in F344 rats.

Abstract

A medium-term multi-organ carcinogenesis bioassay in rats was conducted to assess any possible tumor promoting effects of madder color extracted from the root of madder. Male F344 rats were divided into 5 groups of 20 each. All rats of groups 1 to 4 were given DMD treatment, consisted of multicarcinogens, N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN), N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), and N-bis (2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine (DHPN), for 4 wk, while group 5 served as untreated control without carcinogens. The animals were then administered a basal diet containing madder color at doses of 5.0% (group 1), 2.5% (group 2 with 0.75% additional dextrin), or 0 (groups 3 with 1.5% additional dextrin, 4 without dextrin and 5) for the following 28 wk (total 32 wk). The total amount of dextrin in groups 1 to 3 diets was adjusted to 1.5% by extra dextrin because madder color powder contained dextrin. Key organs were observed histopathologically and glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci of the liver were quantified. In the liver, 5.0% and 2.5% treated groups showed statistically significant dose-related increases in both number and area of GST-P positive foci, number: 2.81 +/- 0.90 and 1.96 +/- 0.93 (groups 1 and 2), area: 0.99 +/- 2.49 and 0.37 +/- 0.77, as compared with control, number: 0.87 +/- 0.72, area: 0.06 +/- 0.06 (group 3). In the kidneys, incidences (and numbers) of adenoma treated with 5.0% and 2.5%, 47.4% (0.20 +/- 0.24), and 47.4% (0.13 +/- 0.15) (groups 1 and 2) were significantly increased compared to control, 0% (0) (group 3). In conclusion, madder color demonstrated significant tumor promoting effects in the liver and kidneys in the DMD model.

• Authors: M Yokohira, K Yamakawa, K Hosokawa, Y Matsuda, T Kuno, K Saoo, K Imaida
• Journal: Journal of food science (J Food Sci) Vol. 73 Issue 3 Pg. T26-32 (Apr 2008) ISSN: 1750-3841 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 18387132 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Carcinogens
• Plant Extracts
• madder color

Topics

• Adenoma (chemically induced, pathology)
• Animals
• Biological Assay
• Carcinogenicity Tests
• Carcinogens (toxicity)
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Kidney Neoplasms (chemically induced, pathology)
• Liver Neoplasms, Experimental (chemically induced, pathology)
• Male
• Neoplasms, Experimental (chemically induced, pathology)
• Plant Extracts (toxicity)
• Random Allocation
• Rats
• Rats, Inbred F344
• Rubia (toxicity)