The X11L/X11beta/MINT2 and X11L2/X11gamma/MINT3 scaffold proteins shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
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| Abstract |
The X11/MINT family proteins are adaptor scaffolding proteins involved in formation of multiprotein complexes, and trafficking and metabolism of membrane proteins such as the beta-amyloid precursor protein. We found that a significant portion of X11L and X11L2 are recovered in nuclear fraction of mouse brain homogenates. EGFP-X11s were not detected in the nucleus of N2a neuroblastoma cells; however, administration of leptomycin B (LMB) induced substantial nuclear accumulation of EGFP-X11L and EGFP-X11L2, while EGFP-X11 showed little accumulation. Fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) analysis indicated that EGFP-X11L2 and EGFP-X11L are shuttled between the cytoplasm and nucleus, the former more effectively than the latter. We identified a nuclear export signal (NES) in the N-terminus of X11L2, mutation of which induces nuclear accumulation of EGFP-X11L2 in the absence of LMB. X11L2 fused to the Gal4 DNA binding domain (DBD) showed transcriptional activity, suggesting that X11L2 could function as a transcriptional activator if tethered near a promoter. Interestingly, attenuation of the nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of GAL4-DBD-X11L2 by mutating the NES or attaching the SV40 nuclear localization signal significantly decreased the apparent transcriptional activity. Our observations suggest that X11L2 functions in the nucleus by a mechanism distinct from conventional transactivators.
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| Authors | Akio Sumioka, Yuhki Saito, Megumi Sakuma, Yoichi Araki, Tohru Yamamoto, Toshiharu Suzuki |
| Journal | Experimental cell research (Exp Cell Res) Vol. 314 Issue 5 Pg. 1155-62 (Mar 10 2008) ISSN: 0014-4827 [Print] United States |
| PMID | 18201694 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't) |
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