Formaldehyde is frequently used in indoor household and occupational environments. Inhalation of
formaldehyde invokes an inflammatory response, including a variety of allergic signs and symptoms. Therefore,
formaldehyde has been considered as the most prevalent cause of
sick building syndrome, which has become a major social problem, especially in developing urban areas. Further
formaldehyde is classified as a genotoxicant in the respiratory tract of rats and humans. To better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in
formaldehyde intoxication, we sought differentially regulated genes by
formaldehyde exposure to Hs 680.Tr human trachea cells, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based suppression subtractive hybridization. We identified 27 different
formaldehyde-inducible genes, including those coding for the major histocompatibility complex, class IA,
calcyclin,
glutathione S-transferase pi, mouse double minute 2 (MDM2),
platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, and which are known to be associated with cell proliferation and differentiation, immunity and
inflammation, and detoxification. Induction of these genes by
formaldehyde treatment was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR and western blot analysis. Further, the expression of
calcyclin,
glutathione S-transferase pi, PDGFRA and MDM2 were significantly induced in the tracheal epithelium of Sprague Dawley rats after
formaldehyde inhalation. Our results suggest that the elevated levels of these genes may be associated with the
formaldehyde-induced toxicity, and that they deserve evaluation as potential
biomarkers for
formaldehyde intoxication.