| Abstract | Natural killer T lymphocytes (NKT) have been implicated in the regulation of autoimmune processes in both mice and humans. In response to stimuli, this subset of cells rapidly produces large amounts of cytokines thereby provoking immune responses, including protection against autoimmune diseases. NKT cells are present in all lymphoid compartments, but are most abundant in the liver and bone marrow. They are activated by interaction of their T-cell receptor with glycolipids presented by CD1d, a nonpolymorphic, major histocompatibility complex class I-like molecule expressed by antigen presenting cells. Several possible ligands for NKT cells have recently been suggested. beta-glucosylceramide, a naturally occurring glycolipid, is a metabolic intermediate in the anabolic and catabolic pathways of complex glycosphingolipids. Like other beta-glycolipids, beta-glucosylceramide has an immunomodulatory effect in several immune mediated disorders, including immune mediated colitis. Due to the broad impact that NKT cells have on the immune system, there is intense interest in understanding how NKT cells are stimulated and the extent to which NKT cell responses can be controlled. These novel ligands are currently being evaluated in animal models of colitis. Here, we discuss strategies to alter NKT lymphocyte function in various settings and the potential clinical applications of natural glycolipids. |
| Authors | Madi El Haj, Ami Ben Ya'acov, Gadi Lalazar, Yaron Ilan |
| Journal | World journal of gastroenterology : WJG
(World J Gastroenterol)
Vol. 13
Issue 44
Pg. 5799-804
(Nov 28 2007)
ISSN: 1007-9327 China |
| PMID | 17990345
(Publication Type: Editorial, Review)
|
| Chemical References |
- Glucosylceramides
- Glycolipids
- Ligands
|
| Topics |
- Animals
- Colitis
(immunology, therapy)
- Glucosylceramides
(immunology, therapeutic use)
- Glycolipids
(immunology, therapeutic use)
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural
(immunology, physiology)
- Ligands
- Mice
|
