Mosaic serine proteases in the mammalian central nervous system.

Abstract

We review the structure and function of three kinds of mosaic serine proteases expressed in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Mosaic serine proteases have several domains in the proenzyme fragment, which modulate proteolytic function, and a protease domain at the C-terminus. Spinesin/TMPRSS5 is a transmembrane serine protease whose presynaptic distribution on motor neurons in the spinal cord suggests that it is significant for neuronal plasticity. Cell type-specific alternative splicing gives this protease diverse functions by modulating its intracellular localization. Motopsin/PRSS12 is a mosaic protease, and loss of its function causes mental retardation. Recent reports indicate the significance of this protease for cognitive function. We mention the fibrinolytic protease, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which has physiological and pathological functions in the CNS.

• Authors: Shinichi Mitsui, Yoshihisa Watanabe, Tatsuyuki Yamaguchi, Nozomi Yamaguchi
• Journal: Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library (Front Biosci) Vol. 13 Pg. 1991-2000 (Jan 01 2008) ISSN: 1093-9946 [Print] United States
• PMID: 17981686 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)

Chemical References

• Membrane Proteins
• Mitochondrial Proteins
• Serine Endopeptidases
• TMPRSS5 protein, human
• neurotrypsin
• Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Topics

• Animals
• Central Nervous System (metabolism)
• Gene Expression Regulation
• Humans
• Intellectual Disability (metabolism)
• Membrane Proteins (biosynthesis, metabolism)
• Mitochondrial Proteins (biosynthesis, metabolism)
• Models, Biological
• Neuronal Plasticity
• Neurons (metabolism)
• Serine Endopeptidases (biosynthesis, metabolism)
• Spinal Cord (metabolism)
• Tissue Plasminogen Activator (metabolism)