Abstract | OBJECTIVE: METHODS: Eighteen postmenopausal women (mean age 62 +/- 11 years) participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design trial of 10 microg estradiol/1 mg norethindrone acetate given once daily for 3 months, with a 1-month washout period between placebo and active treatment phases. Vascular reactivity was assessed at each phase of the study using high-frequency brachial artery ultrasound in response to flow-mediated hyperemia, cold pressor testing, and sublingual nitroglycerin. Markers of cardiovascular risk, including cholesterol levels, inflammatory markers, fibrinolytic markers, and solubilized adhesion molecules, were also measured at each phase. RESULTS: CONCLUSIONS: In this older postmenopausal population with at least one cardiovascular risk factor, treatment with combined continuous ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone acetate failed to improve vascular endothelial function. The agent's proinflammatory effect or subclinical atherosclerosis in this population may have contributed to this finding.
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Authors | Claire S Duvernoy, Patricia A Rose, H Myra Kim, Christine Kehrer, Robert D Brook |
Journal | Journal of women's health (2002)
(J Womens Health (Larchmt))
Vol. 16
Issue 7
Pg. 963-70
(Sep 2007)
ISSN: 1540-9996 [Print] United States |
PMID | 17903073
(Publication Type: Controlled Clinical Trial, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Cholesterol, HDL
- Cholesterol, LDL
- Endothelin-1
- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
- Ethinyl Estradiol
- C-Reactive Protein
- Norethindrone
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Topics |
- Aged
- C-Reactive Protein
(analysis)
- Cardiovascular Diseases
(prevention & control)
- Cholesterol, HDL
(blood)
- Cholesterol, LDL
(blood)
- Cross-Over Studies
- Double-Blind Method
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Endothelin-1
(blood)
- Estrogen Replacement Therapy
- Ethinyl Estradiol
(administration & dosage)
- Female
- Forearm
(blood supply)
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Norethindrone
(administration & dosage)
- Pilot Projects
- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1
(blood)
- Postmenopause
(drug effects, physiology)
- Regional Blood Flow
(drug effects)
- Treatment Outcome
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
(blood)
- Women's Health
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