We investigated the effects of arterial
carbon dioxide tension on the myocardial tissue
oxygen tensions of subepicardium and subendocardium in the anesthetized dogs. The study was done in fourteen open-chest mongrel dogs, weighing 13 +/- 1 kg, anesthetized with
sodium pentobarbital (30 mg.kg-1 iv), and mechanically ventilated with 100%
oxygen to maintain normocapnia. End tidal CO2 fraction (FECO2) was monitored continuously by capnograph. Regional myocardial tissue PO2 was measured using a monopolar polarographic needle
electrode. Two pairs of combined needle sensors were carefully inserted, one in the epicardial and the other in the endocardial layer of the beating heart. Electromagnetic blood flow probe was applied on the left anterior descending artery (LAD). After a stable normocapnic ventilation,
hypocapnia was induced by increasing the respiratory rate, and this mechanical
hyperventilation was kept fixed throughout the experiments. To induce
hypercapnia, exogenous
carbon dioxide was added to the inspired gas step-wise until FECO2 reached 10%. Hypocapnic
hyperventilation (PaCO2: 22 mmHg) invariably resulted in a significant reduction of coronary blood flow (LADBF) and left ventricular myocardial tissue PO2 in both epicardial and endocardial layers, while addition of
carbon dioxide to the inspired gas (hypercapnic
hyperventilation) reversed the change by increased LADBF and arterial PaCO2 in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that injudicious and severe hypocapnic
hyperventilation may induce impaired myocardial tissue perfusion and oxygenation although normal cardiac output and arterial blood oxygenation are maintained.