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Anemia in celiac disease is multifactorial in etiology.

Abstract
Anemia in celiac disease (CD) has been attributed to nutritional deficiencies; however, the clinical manifestations of CD have changed with nongastrointestinal presentations predominating. We collected hematologic parameters from a cohort of patients seen at a tertiary care center for CD to assess the characteristics of anemia in this population. Hematological parameters measured <or=3 months of diagnosis and degree of villous atrophy from 405 patients diagnosed >1995 was analyzed. Ferritin levels were compared with population controls (NHANES III). Iron deficiency was common, occurring in 33% of men and 19% of women (P < 0.001). Folate deficiency was seen in approximately 12% of the total sample and B12 deficiency in approximately 5%. Anemia was present in approximately 20% of the cohort. Among the anemic patients, ferritin was less than the 10th percentile in 45%, between the 10th and 50th percentile in 39% and greater than the 50th percentile in 13%. Ferritin > 50th percentile was more common in anemic men (24%) than in anemic women (9%; P > 0.20). Macrocytic anemia with concurrent B12 or folate deficiency was rare (3%). Elevated ESR was observed in patients with ferritin < 10th percentile and >50th. A gluten-free diet resulted in increased serum ferritin in iron-deficient patients, and decreased ferritin levels in those with high ferritin (r(2) = 0.46, P < 0.001). Although anemia is still a common presentation of celiac disease, nutritional deficiencies alone do not explain this phenomenon in all cases; inflammation appears to contribute as evidenced by the presence of anemia of chronic disease in some individuals.
AuthorsJason W Harper, Stephen F Holleran, Rajasehkar Ramakrishnan, Govind Bhagat, Peter H R Green
JournalAmerican journal of hematology (Am J Hematol) Vol. 82 Issue 11 Pg. 996-1000 (Nov 2007) ISSN: 0361-8609 [Print] United States
PMID17636474 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Copyright(c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Chemical References
  • Ferritins
Topics
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Anemia (etiology)
  • Anemia, Iron-Deficiency (complications)
  • Blood Sedimentation
  • Celiac Disease (blood, complications, diet therapy)
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • Ferritins (blood)
  • Folic Acid Deficiency (complications)
  • Humans
  • Inflammation (complications)
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Vitamin B 12 Deficiency (complications)

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