Abstract | BACKGROUND: Various strategies to mitigate children's distress during voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) have been described. Sedation with nitrous oxide is comparable to that with oral midazolam for VCUG, but a side-by-side comparison of nitrous oxide sedation and routine care is lacking. OBJECTIVE: MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 204 children 4-18 years of age scheduled for VCUG or RNC with sedation or routine care were enrolled in this prospective study. Nitrous oxide/ oxygen (70%/30%) was administered during urethral catheterization to children in the sedated group. The outcomes recorded included observed distress using the Brief Behavioral Distress Score, self-reported pain, and time in department. RESULTS: The study included 204 patients (99 nonsedated, 105 sedated) with a median age of 6.3 years (range 4.0-15.2 years). Distress and pain scores were greater in nonsedated than in sedated patients (P < 0.001). Time in department was longer in the sedated group (90 min vs. 30 min); however, time from entry to catheterization in a non-imaging area accounted for most of the difference. There was no difference in radiologic imaging time. CONCLUSION: Sedation with nitrous oxide is effective in reducing distress and pain during catheterization for VCUG or RNC in children.
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Authors | Judith L Zier, Kathryn A Kvam, Stephen C Kurachek, Marsha Finkelstein |
Journal | Pediatric radiology
(Pediatr Radiol)
Vol. 37
Issue 7
Pg. 678-84
(Jul 2007)
ISSN: 0301-0449 [Print] Germany |
PMID | 17564739
(Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article)
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Chemical References |
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Topics |
- Adolescent
- Chi-Square Distribution
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Conscious Sedation
(methods)
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Nitrous Oxide
(administration & dosage)
- Prospective Studies
- Radioisotope Renography
(methods)
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Urinary Catheterization
- Urography
(methods)
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