HOMEPRODUCTSCOMPANYCONTACTFAQResearchDictionaryPharmaSign Up FREE or Login

An 18-yr prospective study of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis: an approach to minimizing the risk of brain herniation during treatment.

AbstractBACKGROUND:
During the late 1900s, raised intracranial pressure (ICP) during treatment of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) surfaced as the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric DKA. The contribution of fluid and electrolyte therapy to neurologic deterioration during treatment remains controversial.
METHODS:
We proposed a physiologic approach to treatment of DKA, incorporating the principles of rehydration of hypertonic states. Consecutive episodes of pediatric DKA were managed using continuous intravenous insulin, an individualized assessment of the degree of dehydration, and rehydration solutions of tonicity approximating that of the patient. Gradual replacement of the volume of deficit after correction of shock, if present, was planned over 48 h with special attention to changes in effective osmolality along with intensive cardiorespiratory, neurologic, and biochemical monitoring. Mannitol was given for signs or symptoms of raised ICP.
RESULTS:
Six hundred and thirty-five consecutive episodes of pediatric DKA were treated from January 1988 to September 2005. Means +/- standard deviation (SD) for initial measured concentrations of total carbon dioxide, glucose, and urea nitrogen were 7.8 +/- 3.3 mmol/L, 602 +/- 271 mg/dL (33.4 +/- 15 mmol/L), and 21 +/- 1 mg/dL (7.4 +/- 3.6 mmol/L), respectively. Pretreatment blood gases were available for 477 episodes. The mean initial partial pressures of arterial and venous carbon dioxide +/- SD were 16.8 +/- 7 mmHg (kP(a)CO(2)= 2.24 +/- 0.93) for n = 308 and 26.6 +/- 7 mmHg (kP(v)CO(2)= 3.54 +/- 0.93) for n = 169, respectively. Although repair was planned to occur over 48 h, the mean time to achieve clinical rehydration and correction of DKA was 11.6 +/- 6.2 h. Mannitol was given in 35 (5.5%) episodes. There was no neurologic morbidity or mortality.
CONCLUSION:
Management of pediatric DKA using this multifaceted physiologic approach and the principles of rehydration described is safe and appears to minimize the risk of brain herniation during treatment.
AuthorsIrma Fiordalisi, William E Novotny, Donald Holbert, Laurence Finberg, Glenn D Harris, Critical Care Management Group
JournalPediatric diabetes (Pediatr Diabetes) Vol. 8 Issue 3 Pg. 142-9 (Jun 2007) ISSN: 1399-543X [Print] Denmark
PMID17550424 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study)
Topics
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Blood Circulation
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis (complications, epidemiology, therapy)
  • Encephalocele (epidemiology, prevention & control)
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Prospective Studies
  • Resuscitation
  • Risk Assessment

Join CureHunter, for free Research Interface BASIC access!

Take advantage of free CureHunter research engine access to explore the best drug and treatment options for any disease. Find out why thousands of doctors, pharma researchers and patient activists around the world use CureHunter every day.
Realize the full power of the drug-disease research graph!


Choose Username:
Email:
Password:
Verify Password:
Enter Code Shown: