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Evidence that in xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells, which lack DNA polymerase eta, DNA polymerase iota causes the very high frequency and unique spectrum of UV-induced mutations.

Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) patients have normal DNA excision repair, yet are predisposed to develop sunlight-induced cancer. They exhibit a 25-fold higher than normal frequency of UV-induced mutations and very unusual kinds (spectrum), mainly transversions. The primary defect in XPV cells is the lack of functional DNA polymerase (Pol) eta, the translesion synthesis DNA polymerase that readily inserts adenine nucleotides opposite photoproducts involving thymine. The high frequency and striking difference in kinds of UV-induced mutations in XPV cells strongly suggest that, in the absence of Pol eta, an abnormally error-prone polymerase substitutes. In vitro replication studies of Pol iota show that it replicates past 5'T-T3' and 5'T-U3' cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, incorporating G or T nucleotides opposite the 3' nucleotide. To test the hypothesis that Pol iota causes the high frequency and abnormal spectrum of UV-induced mutations in XPV cells, we identified an unlimited lifespan XPV cell line expressing two forms of Pol iota, whose frequency of UV-induced mutations is twice that of XPV cells expressing one form. We eliminated expression of one form and compared the parental cells and derivatives for the frequency and kinds of UV-induced mutations. All exhibited similar sensitivity to the cytotoxicity of UV((254 nm)), and the kinds of mutations induced were identical, but the frequency of mutations induced in the derivatives was reduced to </=50% that of the parent. These data strongly support the hypothesis that in cells lacking Pol eta, Pol iota is responsible for the high frequency and abnormal spectrum of UV-induced mutations, and ultimately their malignant transformation.
AuthorsYun Wang, Roger Woodgate, Terrence P McManus, Samantha Mead, J Justin McCormick, Veronica M Maher
JournalCancer research (Cancer Res) Vol. 67 Issue 7 Pg. 3018-26 (Apr 01 2007) ISSN: 0008-5472 [Print] United States
PMID17409408 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural)
Chemical References
  • DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
  • Rad30 protein
  • DNA Polymerase iota
  • POLI protein, human
Topics
  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Cell Line
  • DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase (biosynthesis, deficiency, metabolism)
  • Fibroblasts
  • Humans
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutation (radiation effects)
  • Transfection
  • Ultraviolet Rays
  • Xeroderma Pigmentosum (enzymology, genetics, pathology)
  • DNA Polymerase iota

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