Albumin-bound basal insulin analogues (insulin detemir and NN344): comparable time-action profiles but less variability than insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes.

Abstract

AIM:

This study compared the time-action profiles of the novel albumin-bound basal insulin analogue NN344 with those of insulin detemir and insulin glargine in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

METHODS:

Twenty-seven insulin-treated men with type 2 diabetes [body mass index 30.8 +/- 2.6 kg/m(2) (mean +/- s.d.), haemoglobin A(1c) 7.6 +/- 1.1%] were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind trial and participated in six euglycaemic glucose clamp experiments [target blood glucose (BG) 5 mmol/l] each. Participants received NN344 in three experiments at a dose of 0.8, 1.6 and 2.8 dosing units (DU) (1 DU corresponds to 6 nmol NN344) per kilogram of body weight. In the other three experiments, the participants received 0.4, 0.8 and 1.4 U/kg of either insulin detemir or insulin glargine. The insulin preparations were characterized with regards to their effects on glucose infusion rates (GIRs) (in particular duration of action and within-subject and between-subject variabilities), BG, C-peptide, free fatty acids (FFA), endogenous glucose production (EGP) and peripheral glucose uptake (PGU) over 24 h post-dose.

RESULTS:

The mean GIR profiles for all three preparations were similar in shape/flatness and showed increasing effect (area under the curve for GIR: AUC-GIR(total)) with increasing dose [low dose: 647 +/- 580, 882 +/- 634, 571 +/- 647 mg/kg (insulin detemir vs. NN344 vs. insulin glargine]; medium dose: 1203 +/- 816, 1720 +/- 1109, 1393 +/- 1203 mg/kg and high dose: 2171 +/- 1344, 3119 +/- 1549, 2952 +/- 2028 mg/kg; p = 0.48]. The duration of action increased with rising doses of all insulin preparations, without major differences between treatments. BG remained below 7 mmol/l in nearly all the experiments. Within-subject variability was lower for the albumin-bound insulin analogues, insulin detemir and NN344, than for insulin glargine (p < 0.0001). Between-subject variability did not differ between treatments, nor did the effects on BG, C-peptide, FFA, EGP or PGU.

CONCLUSIONS:

In individuals with type 2 diabetes, the time-action profiles and the duration of action of the albumin-bound insulin analogues, insulin detemir and NN344, were comparable with those of insulin glargine, whereas within-subject variability in the metabolic effect was significantly lower. Therefore, insulin detemir and NN344 seem to be as well suited as insulin glargine for once-daily administration in type 2 diabetes. The better predictability may be an important characteristic of the albumin-bound analogues as insulin detemir has already been shown to improve hypoglycaemia.

• Authors: O Klein, J Lynge, L Endahl, B Damholt, L Nosek, T Heise
• Journal: Diabetes, obesity & metabolism (Diabetes Obes Metab) Vol. 9 Issue 3 Pg. 290-9 (May 2007) ISSN: 1462-8902 [Print] England
• PMID: 17391154 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial)

Chemical References

• Blood Glucose
• C-Peptide
• Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
• Hypoglycemic Agents
• Insulin
• Insulin, Long-Acting
• Lys(B29)-N(epsilon)-lithocholoyl-gamma-Glu des(b30) insulin
• Insulin Glargine
• Insulin Detemir
• Glucose

Topics

• Blood Glucose (analysis)
• C-Peptide (blood)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (drug therapy)
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Double-Blind Method
• Drug Administration Schedule
• Fatty Acids, Nonesterified (blood)
• Glucose (metabolism, pharmacokinetics)
• Glucose Clamp Technique (methods)
• Humans
• Hypoglycemic Agents (administration & dosage, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics)
• Insulin (administration & dosage, adverse effects, agonists, analogs & derivatives, pharmacokinetics)
• Insulin Detemir
• Insulin Glargine
• Insulin, Long-Acting
• Male
• Middle Aged