Efficacy of maropitant for treatment and prevention of emesis caused by intravenous infusion of cisplatin in dogs.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the efficacy of maropitant, a novel neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, to treat and prevent emesis caused by IV infusion of a chemotherapeutic dose of cisplatin (70 mg/m(2)) in dogs.

ANIMALS:

64 healthy 6-month-old Beagles (32 males and 32 females).

PROCEDURES:

To evaluate the effect of maropitant on ongoing emesis, 24 dogs were randomized to 2 treatment groups (12 dogs each). Saline (0.9% NaCl) solution or maropitant (1 mg/kg) was administered once by SC injection immediately following the first emetic event after cisplatin infusion. Dogs were assessed for emesis for 6 hours after initiation of cisplatin infusion. To evaluate the use of maropitant for the prevention of emesis, 40 dogs were randomized to 4 treatment groups (10 dogs each). Placebo or maropitant (1, 2, or 3 mg/kg) was administered PO as a tablet. Cisplatin infusion was initiated at 19 hours after treatment, and dogs were assessed for emesis for 6 hours.

RESULTS:

No treatment-related adverse events were observed in either study. For the treatment of ongoing emesis, significantly fewer emetic events were observed for maropitant-treated dogs, compared with placebo-treated dogs (mean, 5.2 vs 15.8), and the mean time to cessation of emesis was significantly shorter (0.65 vs 1.65 hours). In the prevention of emesis, maropitant-treated dogs had significantly fewer emetic events (means, 2.7, 1.1, and 0.5 for maropitant at 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg, respectively), compared with placebo-treated dogs (mean, 20.3).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:

Results suggest that maropitant is safe and effective in the treatment and prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis in dogs.

• Authors: Victor A de la Puente-Redondo, Nicola Tilt, Tim G Rowan, Rick G Clemence
• Journal: American journal of veterinary research (Am J Vet Res) Vol. 68 Issue 1 Pg. 48-56 (Jan 2007) ISSN: 0002-9645 [Print] United States
• PMID: 17199418 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Antiemetics
• Antineoplastic Agents
• Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists
• Quinuclidines
• maropitant
• Cisplatin

Topics

• Administration, Oral
• Animals
• Antiemetics (administration & dosage)
• Antineoplastic Agents (adverse effects)
• Cisplatin (adverse effects)
• Dog Diseases (drug therapy)
• Dogs
• Female
• Least-Squares Analysis
• Male
• Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists
• Quinuclidines (administration & dosage)
• Vomiting (drug therapy, prevention & control, veterinary)