Reproductive factors, oral contraceptive use, and human papillomavirus infection: pooled analysis of the IARC HPV prevalence surveys.

Abstract

High parity, early age at first full-term pregnancy (FTP), and long-term oral contraceptive (OC) use increase cervical cancer risk, but it is unclear whether these variables are also associated with increased risk of acquisition and persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the main cause of cervical cancer. Information on reproductive and menstrual characteristics and OC use were collected from 14 areas worldwide, among population-based, age-stratified random samples of women aged 15 years or older. HPV testing was done using PCR-based enzyme immunoassay. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) of being HPV-positive according to reproductive and menstrual factors and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). When more than two groups were compared, floating CIs (FCI) were estimated. A total of 15,145 women (mean age, 40.9 years) were analyzed. Women with >or=5 FTPs (OR, 0.90; 95% FCI, 0.76-1.06) showed a similar risk of being HPV-positive compared with women with only one FTP (OR, 1.00; 95% FCI, 0.86-1.16). However, nulliparous women showed an OR of 1.40 (95% CI, 1.16-1.69) compared with parous women. Early age at first FTP was not significantly related to HPV positivity. HPV positivity was similar for women who reported >or=10 years of use of OCs (OR, 1.16; 95% FCI, 0.85-1.58) and never users of OCs (OR, 1.00; 95% FCI, 0.90-1.12). Our study suggests, therefore, that high parity, early age at first FTP, and long-term OC use are not associated with HPV prevalence, but rather these factors might be involved in the transition from HPV infection to neoplastic cervical lesions.

• Authors: Salvatore Vaccarella, Rolando Herrero, Min Dai, Peter J F Snijders, Chris J L M Meijer, Jaiye O Thomas, Pham Thi Hoang Anh, Catterina Ferreccio, Elena Matos, Hector Posso, Silvia de Sanjosé, Hai-Rim Shin, Sukhon Sukvirach, Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce, Guglielmo Ronco, Raj Rajkumar, You-Lin Qiao, Nubia Muñoz, Silvia Franceschi
• Journal: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev) Vol. 15 Issue 11 Pg. 2148-53 (Nov 2006) ISSN: 1055-9965 [Print] United States
• PMID: 17119039 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Contraceptives, Oral

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Age Factors
• Alphapapillomavirus (metabolism)
• Contraceptives, Oral (therapeutic use)
• Female
• Humans
• Immunoenzyme Techniques
• Middle Aged
• Papillomavirus Infections (complications, epidemiology)
• Parity
• Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Pregnancy
• Prevalence
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms (diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology)