Infertility in dairy cattle is a complex, multi-factorial problem that cannot be evaluated in isolation of other diseases and disorders. Clearly there is a role for the prevention of problems in the peri-parturient period, in particular hypocalcaemia,
mastitis, lameness and
retained placenta (RP), that all have a negative impact on the subsequent fertility of the cow.
Minerals, trace elements and
vitamins play a vital role in the prevention of these disorders at this time. Macro minerals are involved in the
acid base status of the dairy cow and influence
calcium metabolism. The use of anionic
salts in combination with adequate
calcium and
magnesium supplementation may help to improve dry matter intakes and reduce negative energy balance in the post-calving period as well as prevent hypocalcaemia.
Vitamin E and
zinc are effective in prevention of
mastitis that occurs predominantly in the first weeks of lactation, through enhanced
antioxidant function and keratinisation of the teat canal. Lameness in dairy cattle also occurs mainly in lactation though most of the original insults to the hoof can occur prior to calving.
Zinc and
biotin are implicated in improving keratinisation of the hoof and prevention of this disease. Organic forms of
zinc are retained better than inorganic sources and may provide greater benefit in disease prevention.
Retained placenta can be reduced by prevention of hypocalcaemia and also adequate
selenium status of the dairy cow.
Selenium yeast is known to have higher retention in tissues and may play an important role in ensuring sufficient
selenium is available to the cow for reduction of disease.